Biology DB 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology DB 5 - Essay Example Support is a function that is mainly conducted by the stem, and for this reason a yam is modification of a normal plant. Botanically yams are in the family of monocotyledonous referred to as Dioscoreaceae and genus Dioscorea. The main reason as to why they are grown is because of their tuber or storage organs. The root cortex of a yam as compared to that of a corn is huge, which enables it to store sugar, starch and other substances. Casparian strip, which is water-impermeable strip of waxy material situated in the endodermis does not control uptake of minerals into the xylem as compared to other plants such as corn plants. This is because most of the minerals are stored and retained in the root, which functions as a stem. Yam as a plant can be said to support leaves because a stem is absent, the anatomy of yam as a plant can be said to be a modification of other standard plant. Animals and animal products are beneficial to human beings for different purposes other than for food. Animal products are highly beneficial in production of materials for clothes. Pigs are essential in production of valuable products such as suede for manufacture of clothes and production of shoes. Cattle produce leather which is sourced from the hides in the animal skin. The leather is used in the manufacture of clothes, shoes, purses, wallets and car upholstery. Feathers from poultry especially from geese and ducks are important in stuffing down clothes such as pillows and jackets. Sheep is a great source of wool that is used in processing yarn for knitting socks, shirts and other different cloths. Rabbits are a source of far used in knitting socks, yarn and other types of clothing. The most important benefit of animals is medicinal applications. Animal products have been tested methodically as a source of drugs especially in modern medicine. For instance, a snake venom is used as an

Participatory model in leading change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Participatory model in leading change - Essay Example Zink et al. (2008) found that failures result from the lack of planning for change management. Better results could be achieved from planning for comprehensive change management. The use of comprehensive change management allows overcome â€Å"lack of integration.† In order to achieve this, the relationship between policy and strategy has to be achieved, followed by logical fit between individual concepts. The participative approach allows planning for comprehensive change management. A comparison of participatory and autocratic leadership styles has been illustrated in table below. The comparison of advantages and disadvantages of both leadership styles indicate that participatory leadership could produce better results in the management of organizational change. Organizational change is a complex process, and the participatory style can enhance the change management process. Uhl-Bien (2006) argues that participation allows a relational leadership. This style of leadership allows focus on identification of individual attributes of individuals for engaging in relationships. The process views leadership as a process of social construction. According to Cummings and Worley (2008), a thorough diagnosis is required to reveal the causes of problems, or identify opportunities for development. There is complexity in change that could range from relatively simple processes to small workgroup for transformation of strategies and features of design for the whole organization. An overview of change management activities has been illustrated in the figure above. A critical issue is that people and organizations seek to preserve the status quo, and are willing to change only when there are compelling reasons for doing so. Creating a vision for change is aligned with leadership. The vision provides a purpose and reason for change,

OB report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

OB report - Essay Example However, change management is also a part of increasing motivation, which should also be considered. McDonalds has to take immediate actions if the company wants to enhance the motivation level of its employees. The purpose of the report is to evaluate the factors that drive towards demotivation of the employees working in McDonalds. The aim of the report is to give possible solutions to the motivational issues faced by McDonalds based on motivational theories. The focus of this study is to find out the different opinions and perspectives of the employees working in McDonalds. Employees working in countries like UK, US, China & Germany, are facing many problems, which leads to demotivation. Employee views are always in contradiction with employers, and this contradiction creates issues and conflicts. Thus, the study is focused to find out the factors leading to demotivation and analyse the possible solutions concerned. McDonalds, as an organisation is serving 70M customers globally and the company has employed around 1.9M people globally (McDonalds, 2014a). Thus, research of a multinational company will help in increasing the knowledge about foreign boundaries and parameter. Moreover, the â€Å"McDonalds Legislation† which was acquired by McDonalds is new legislation in the global context. Thus, research on such organization will help in understanding the pattern as they become trendsetter. McDonalds is a huge name as a foodservice retailer globally. McDonalds has over 35,000 locations serving 70M customers globally in 100 countries. Independent owners operate more than 80% of the McDonalds franchises (McDonalds, 2014b). The goal of McDonalds is to become the customer’s favourite dinning place where they can get their core favourites (Singer, 2014). McDonalds acquire â€Å"McDonalds Legislation† according to which they can pay 20% less to the teenage employees

Satisfying Customers Needs And Wants Marketing Essay

Satisfying Customers Needs And Wants Marketing Essay Marketing has often been defined in terms of satisfying customers needs and wants. Critics however maintain that marketing goes beyond that and creates needs and wants that did not exist before, According to these critics, marketers encourage consumers to spend more money than they should on goods and services they really do not need. Marketing process can be explained as creating value for customers and building customer relationship by doing this the organisation makes profit The various elements of marketing process can be classified as follow Fig 1 Understanding the market place and customers needs and wants is achieved through in-depth market research and thereby identifying a product gap or needs gap. This will involve trends , how to make things easier , comfortable, better and user friendly. In the early 80s there were few or no mobile phones. A thorough market research has created the need for mobile phones, then came the massive first generation mobile phones. This were later followed by smaller ones and these days we can see the smart phones with inbuilt cameras, time online movies and news ability to actual work from your mobile Samsung note to the new tablets. Every day specialist market research companies, innovators, technicians and scientist all work hand on hand to create a new niche market or brand that makes our lives much more comfortable. Even the pay as you go concept became apparent as people could not continue to pay the incredible high cost then been charged by manufacturers who were looking at ways to cover the cost of their research and development. So the critics may not be far from the truth but the ideal is marketers coming with ways and products that makes our lives easy. Design a customer driven marketing strategy. Marketing strategy is a long term means of achieving a corporate objective. If we take the example of the mobile phone industry where the likes of Samsung, IPhone, Nokia are in serious competition each as to design a marketing strategy to capture a share of the market. Like a military personnel will define the art of going to warfare. Marketing program that delivers superior value : This refers to the marketing mix that is the 4ps Usually referring to E. Jerome McCarthys  [1]  Ã‚  4 P classifications for developing an effective marketing strategy, which encompasses: product, price, placement (distribution) and promotion. When its a consumer-centric marketing mix, it  has been extended to include  three more Ps: people, process and physical evidence, and  three Cs: cost, consumer and competitor. Depending on the industry and the target of the marketing plan, marketing managers will take various approaches to each of the four Ps. The benefits and cost of marketing orientation Market orientation is the understanding of customers requirement and creation of marketing mix which will meet these needs. Market driven means the firms capability to understand, attract and keep valuable customers G. Armstrong and P. Kotler define marketing as social and managing process by which the individuals and groups procure what they need by creating and exchanging values with others.  [2]   A market-oriented company is in a position to achieve competitive advantage thanks to its unique innovative approach to customers. In addition to this, according to the opinion of P. R. Dickson, a competitive advantage should be understood in the sense of dynamics of competition. He expresses disagreement with the standpoint of neoclassic theory of market equilibrium and claims that the main characteristic of the market is its disequilibrium. He sees marketing as a science and skill of creating changes (disequilibrium) in the market in the manner that would provide for the changes that are beneficial for the company. Various responses of salespersons and customers to changes in supply and demand, thinks Dickson, create possibilities that could be used by the company that understands market. He underlines the importance of adjusting company to the market occurrences.  [3]   Benefits and cost of market orientation Figure 2: Customer relationship groups Source: G. Armstrong, P. Kotler, Marketing: An Introduction, 7. ed., Pearson/Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2005, p. 25. The above summaries the benefits and cost of market Orientation other advantages and disadvantages. Responding to Demand Building Customer Value Disadvantages Extensive and Expensive Research and Increased cost. Micro and Macro environmental factors that affect marketing Decision The micro environmental factors are factors that can be controlled by the organisation and relates directly with the business these are considered using the factors in fig 3 Micro Environmental factors Fig 3 Fig 4 shows how different public affects organisation. The public that affect the marketing decision of the yet they can be controlled and are regarded as micro are the relation with the following members of this public e.g Financial public this is based on say for example the organisations annual returns. Fig 4 Macro Environmental Factors The Target market for mobile phones companies and IT companies are more likely to be the high income earning spectrum of the society or the new graduates and the city bankers and young people in the top echelon of society who will be able to afford the integrated packages that are about to be launched into the market very soon The package will include home entertainment, office package, security package, phone and video calls and financial/banking package all launched as one integrated hand held device. Market segmentation, and Target is followed by positioning, this should be developed and implemented by creating an image for the product, profiling the target market, High Tech gadgets like this integrated hand held device will be bought based on the technical specification what comfort or ease of doing a task it provide. Buying Behaviourur is the way and act of people involved in buying and using products. To understand these we need to consider, why a buyer will make a purchase, what factors influence will influence a buyer to buy a certain product. Buying Behaviour refers to how people will behave when buying a certain product. A firm needs to consider and study buying behaviourur and peoples reactions to the organisation marketing strategy has this will have great impact on the firms success. The marketing concept show how a marketing mix (MM) that satisfies (gives utility to) customers, hence it important to understand the what, where, when and how consumers buy. Stages of the Consumer Buying Process There are Six Stages to the Consumer Buying Decision Process (For complex decisions). Problem Recognition Information search The evoked set. Evaluation of Alternatives Purchase decision- Post Purchase decision Buying behaviour is often determined by the level of consumer involvement in the purchase decisions, the importance and level of interest the consumer decisions is determined by the motivation to seek information about the product or service. High involvement purchase such as buy a luxury car or other expensive items. Also the element of risk involved in the use of the product that is the social risk and the economic risk. The four type of consumer buying behaviour: Routine Response/Programmed Behaviourr, Limited Decision Making, Extensive Decision Making/Complex, impulse buying, Routine Response/Programmed behaviour this are low involvement very little or no decision effort is required E.g. A can drink . Limited Decision Making- This are product bought occasionally example are like clothing but not brands Extensive Decision Making/Complex: This involves unfamiliar, expensive and infrequently bought goods. It involves a high degree of economic performance, and psychological risk. e.g. cars, homes, computers, it also involves a lot of time seeking information and deciding. and consumers will go through all six stages of the buying process. Impulse buying, this are purchase which are unplanned it like buying chewing gum in the Conner shop without actually thinking about it. Also prices at time lead to impulse buying. They are usually low valued items. Ethan Lyon said The goal of market positioning is to find the ideal opportunity in the market based on customer needs, market forces and financial and strategic considerations. Once the market opportunity is identified then the organisation can further develop its product and elevate its brand to deliver outstanding value. To clarify the market position, the firm will need to find an overarching theme, then define the details. (sparxoo.com) Brand Idea-The idea is an aspirational concept it defines the idea of what the company. For example the Samsung note goes with the concept of designed for human Value Proposition- A customer or a consumer buyers the Samsung note they see high value and high quality Differentiating Attributes-Samsung has distinguished itself from Apple by targeting the main stream yet providing quality and comparable or better phones than those provided by Apple Word count1450

Arapesh and Embedded vs. Disembedded economy :: Essays Papers

Arapesh and Embedded vs. Disembedded economy Polanyi says, regarding the economy, â€Å"the economic process†¦.is embedded in noneconomic institutions.† An embedded economy is an economy in which economic activities occur such as, production and distribution; however other activities, which are not economic also occur. Activities such as forming friendships or helping other people may be happening, but it might just seem like the normal economic process because it is an embedded economy. When Polanyi says that the economy is â€Å"embedded in noneconomic institutions† he means that while economic activity is occurring, it is occurring for noneconomic reasons. The economic activity may be occurring in order to continue a friendship or help someone. Activities in an embedded economy often seem like they are not economic activities. They seem like this because usually the reason the economic activity is occurring is for noneconomic reasons. For example, if two bakers both produce wheat bread, but do not eat their own, instead they exchange bread, because they want to have a reason to be friends. This situation does not seem like economic activity, it seems like two people sharing their food. It actually is economic activity, because the two bakers are both producing and distributing their bread. So, even though the bakers are only exchanging the bread because they want to maintain their friendship, what they are doing is an economic activity that would happen in an embedded economy. Today most economic activity is considered to be part of a disembedded economy. In a disembedded economy, economic activity occurs only for economic reasons, so it is the opposite of an embedded economy. Economic activity is completely independent from such institutions as family or friendship. An example, of activity in a disembedded economy is a person going to a grocery store and buying bread. There is no other institution involved in the economic process of production and distribution of the bread which is why this would occur in a disembedded economy. The producer of the bread is making the bread so that he can sell it and get money for it, the consumer is buying the bread so it will belong to him. Economic activities of production and distribution are perceived by the Arapesh to just be part of their society. Everything that the Arapesh use and take care of daily belongs to someone else, whether it is their trees or pigs. The Arapesh believe that they must share what they own with the other Arapesh to help them survive.

Act 3 Scene 5, how does Shakespeare increase Essay

â€Å"Romeo and Juliet’ by William Shakespeare, portrays ‘a pair of star crossed lovers that take their life Doth with their death bury their parents strife. ‘ Shakespeare manages to set the scene of the greatest love story ever told, and reveals a romance discovered in Italy that concerns two feuding families (the Capulets and the Montagues) and two members of which that fall madly in love with each other. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is set over a five-day period, starting Sunday morning and ending Thursday morning. In those five days numerous events had occurred and the interpretation of particular characters change. Act 3 Scene 5 is a pivotal scene in the play as Juliet has already defied her parents by marrying a Montague. The interpretation of Juliet from the start of the play is that she is an obedient young girl, although as the play progresses the audience becomes aware that she is a growing woman who will persist until she gets what she wants. The Scene begins with Romeo and Juliet arguing about the fact that it is day. Juliet believes it is still night and the light coming through the windows is from the moon. Juliet doesn’t want Romeo to leave, though as the darkness of the light changes into the light of the day, the probability that he may be caught and killed for entry of the opposing house’s property increases (the feud between their houses). â€Å"Will thou be gone? It is not yet near day: It was the nightingale, and not the lark, that pierced the fearful hallow of thine ear. † However, Romeo feels quite differently and wishes to go, but after some time he changes his mind and reveals that he would much rather stay and be killed merely to spend extra time with his wife possibly because their future is uncertain due to Juliet’s arranged marriage and Romeo’s banishment. â€Å"Let me be Tame, let me be put to death, I am content. † And â€Å"I have more care to stay then will to go, come, death, and welcome! Juliet wills it so! † After these comments, Juliet changes her mind and attempts the persuasion of Romeo’s departure. Through this part of the scene the language of Juliet is very apprehensive, and it shows that she doesn’t know what could happen if Romeo if he stays. This may be why Juliet changes her mind because Romeo tells her what will happen to him if he stays. This creates a fear for Romeo’s safety within the audience. â€Å"It is, it is, hie hence, be gone, away! † – This phrase has the ability to add tension. During this part of the scene, the singing of the birds can be compared to Romeo and Juliet’s relationship. During the day, the relationship must be hidden away and kept secret, but at night, it can be enjoyed and appreciated. This aspect is represented by the battle of the lark over the nightingale: At night the couple is relaxed and loving, and as the darkness slowly turns to light the couple continue to argue and the marriage becomes a burden once more. â€Å"I must be gone and live, or stay and die. † â€Å"Yon light is not daylight, I know it, I. † As well as the comparison between bird songs/ the time of day against the state of Romeo and Juliet’s relationship this section of the play shows that when the couple are together, they finish off each other’s sentences with rhyming couplets. It composes harmony; in contrast these rhyming couplets only come when they are talking of leaving. This togetherness and separation go well together questioning the audience as to whether Romeo and Juliet are the perfect couple. In the events leading up to Act 3 Scene 5, Romeo has been banished and so is spending a final night with Juliet. Furthermore the audience has just learnt that Lord Capulet has agreed to let Paris marry Juliet on Thursday. This leaves the audience worried for not only Romeo’s safety but also Juliet as her father is starting to show signs of anger. Knowing this makes the audience tense; this is good as Act 3 Scene 5 can (in a stage performance) go at the beginning of the second half. This means the audience is in suspense over the interval; they know there is a conflict coming, perhaps even involving violence. Having just left a scene showing anger, Shakespeare cuts straight to Romeo and Juliet together. This more romantic atmosphere has an opposite affect on the audience conjuring more tension; the audience wants to know what is going to happen to Juliet between her parents. Cutting from anger to happiness comes about again during the scene. A countdown Just after line 36 the Nurse enters â€Å"hastily†. Shakespeare uses few stage directions in his plays so on occasions when he does it is to be noted. The Nurse’s rushed entrance can either bring danger or there is a comic potential (or perhaps both). The Nurse already knows of Romeo and Juliet’s marriage but may not be prepared for what she might find. Mixed together, the tension of the forthcoming dispute and this comical happening it creates a good cliffhanger. cofg fgr sefgfgw orfg fgk infg fofg fg; cocc ccr seccccw orcc cck incc focc cc! The Nurse and Juliet address each other by their titles. These could be delivered in a variety of ways to create different effects. It creates danger, confusion and perhaps a chance for comedy in a couple of one-word lines. Throughout this scene many of Juliet’s lines are dramatically ironic. â€Å"Methinks I see thee now thou art so low, 3Oyj7c Visit coursework eb in eb fo eb for more eb Do not eb redistribute 3Oyj7c As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. † In the case of lines 55 and 56, as Romeo makes his leave, it is dramatically ironic as the audience already knows that soon Romeo will kill himself, and Juliet will see him dead (most likely in a tomb). This is also the last time Juliet will see Romeo alive and yet she is already seeing him dead. This makes the audience think and feel privileged, as they understand that her lines are ironic and in fact puns although Juliet herself does not know. cofe fer sefefew orfe fek infe fofe fe. Juliet uses more puns when she and Lady Capulet are talking. Although this time Juliet is aware of it as well as the audience, Lady Capulet is not. â€Å"Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss. † (74) All through their conversation the audience keeps thinking that Juliet is about to confess to her mother about Romeo. However, every time they are let and down and Juliet’s hints go unnoticed. This makes the audience more worked up and frustrated. The more the audience anticipates Juliet’s confession the more tension there is when her parents eventually find out (is they ever do). code der sededew orde dek inde fode de; Lady Capulet starts by trying to comfort Juliet, surely trying to befriend her. The audience, sometimes confused by her generosity, know of the Capulet’s agreement with Paris. Therefore they are suspicious and foresee a change in heart and another change in atmosphere; they know Lady Capulet has to get down to business. After a long wait Lady Capulet finally does her tine and informs Juliet of her arranged marriage with Paris; a shock for both audience and Juliet for it is done most obviously. It was common in the times of Shakespeare for children (mainly of rich and often girls) to be married to a person chosen by the parents. This was to gain money, power or (and) to improve relations with other families, countries or regions. Despite the triviality of this Shakespeare seems to understand how a young woman might feel being married to some she does not know or like. Juliet gets very upset and refuses to marry. The audience is feeling sympathy for Juliet but also expect her to confess as last to get rid of Paris. There is a combination of excitement and fear that mix together well and get the audience on the edge of their seats. Juliet’s safety is now feared for though as Capulet is now known to be determined. He was in the previous scene and he will be now. This coursework from www. coursework. info coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb; Enter Lord Capulet. Oblivious to the scene so far and whose actions are to be feared by the audience. However the audience can see the plan as Capulet begins the same way as Lady Capulet. He tries to cheer up Juliet and then jumps to business in a quick change of atmosphere. cocf cfr secfcfw orcf cfk incf focf cf. â€Å"How now, a conduit, girl? What, still in tears? † Is this a sign of love, or is it just pure determination? From the way Lord and Lady Capulet have been portrayed I seem that they have a plan. The tension in the scene has been building up. So has the number of characters on stage. Two, three, one, two then four; building up to a climax. Brawls come is bigger numbers, peace and love comes with fewer numbers. The audience can understand the number of people of stage, they can tell when it is safe and when it is not. Capulet’s mood changes suddenly again when he hears that Juliet does not wish to marry Paris. He throws a fit scaring audience and characters on stage. He tries to put guilt on Juliet, the audience has much sympathy and their thoughts of Capulet do not improve but worsen. He is so angry and mad that at points he may even be beating his own wife. from www. Coursework. Info. Illegally redistributed by ffra. â€Å"Fie, fie, what, are you mad? † All on stage with the exception of Capulet are women. Capulet’s bad temper and throwing of insults makes him look quite a misogynist. coec ecr seececw orec eck inec foec ec; After Capulet has left Juliet tries to speak to her mother and threatens to kill herself if she has to marry Paris. This is more dramatic irony as the audience knows she will eventually kill herself but not because of Paris. This makes the audience feel proud and perhaps think that Lady Capulet could have stopped both the death of Romeo and Juliet. This is what makes it so tragic. Lady Capulet ignores her. code der sededew orde dek inde fode de: codd ddr seddddw ordd ddk indd fodd dd. The whole of this scene seems to be coherent on the theme of death and suicide. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is a tragedy; this makes this scene so ironic. It is a major full of thoughts of death but does not include it physically. As Lady Capulet has left, Juliet now looks to the Nurse for support. However the faithful Nurse has changed and now fears Capulet and the loss of her job. She tries to persuade Juliet into thinking that she would be much better off with Paris. This betrayal is another shock to the audience; one of the last allies has changed sides it seems. Now the audience is waiting to find out what Juliet will do now her whole family is against her. They are confused and perhaps worried that Juliet seems to agree with the Nurse and thanks her. The scene ends with a second soliloquy from Juliet. This gives an insight to exactly what Juliet is thinking. Through the scene her discussions have been full of puns and lies. These soliloquies give her true feelings. This makes the audience to feel in touch with Juliet and helps to relate to her. Again Juliet says she shall commit suicide. She also shows that she is ashamed of the Nurse and even curses her. She is very upset and leaves the audience is suspense as they wonder what she will do if there is no way out. What will happen next? Xcql from Xcql coursewrok Xcql work Xcql info Xcql cocc ccr seccccw orcc cck incc focc cc; Shakespeare uses a lot of dramatic irony and puns to build tension within the audience. It is a scene full of irony. There are numerous chances for characters to change the course of the whole play for the better but they do not. This irony is what makes this a brilliant scene. The audience is forever in tension and on edge. Combined with the sudden changes in atmosphere it forms the perfect cliffhanger scene for the play. ffra. Thus, we can say that whilst this represents a progression, in the end we have come no closer to any â€Å"real† knowledge. Shakespeare uses the dialogue to great effect to bring the characters to life and build up atmosphere through out the scene. At the start of the scene Romeo has not yet departed and as the sun is rising the couple must say their farewells. The atmosphere here is still love orientated and fairly calm however there is a growing element of suspense and fear. â€Å"I must be gone and live, or stay and die† says Romeo very early in the scene; this starts to build suspense because if Romeo is caught he will be killed. Juliet wants him to stay as long as possible â€Å"Yon light is not daylight†, this line brings out further the strong feelings of love they both share because they do not want to leave each others presence. The audience feels their love is very strong and true this helps them to sympathise with the characters, bringing them to life. When Juliet says, â€Å"Hie hence be gone away! â€Å", there is a release of tension in the audience, they fear for Romeo’s life as he is in grave danger the longer he stays. cocg cgr secgcgw orcg cgk incg focg cg. There is a feeling of sadness in the atmosphere as our two passionate young lovers depart, â€Å"More light and light; more dark and dark our woes† this relates to the arrival of light and thus their separation. As this scene opens, Romeo and Juliet are seen arguing. The morning is soon coming, and Juliet is insistent that her lover does not leave. Before their love causes any conflict, the two argue whether Romeo should leave or not. They are so infatuated and content with each other, neither wish to leave each other’s side. Although Juliet wishes to postpone Romeo’s departure, she cannot hide the facts of the coming morning, although she tries. â€Å"Yond light is not daylight, I know it, I: It is some meteor that the sun exhaled† Their situation, position and relationship are now very clear. By night, they can be in each other’s company as they wish, however as soon as day comes, their love must be a secret. Juliet is in the position that she cannot keep her lover in daylight, and must let him escape. Romeo then portrays his love for Juliet saying how he does not care if the two are caught together, â€Å"Let me be put to death,† His departure is looming, and invites death if it be necessary as long as the two are together, he does not care, â€Å"Come, death, and welcome! † He would welcome death if it meant they could stay together. Juliet then accepts what this could mean if Romeo does not leave soon, and changes her tone completely, â€Å"It is, it is, hie hence, be gone, away! † Juliet is now seeing their relationship from a more mature position, and Romeo departs. In this part of the scene, Juliet uses the imagery of birdsong, as a comparison to the lover’s relationship. They can only see each other at night, when all is at ease and peaceful. Shakespeare uses the imagery of a nightingale to represent this. They are getting along and are in harmony. As morning is coming, the ease is interrupted with their arguing, and resembles the â€Å"Harsh discords and unpleasing sharps† of the lark. It is more apparent to the audience now Juliet’s anxiety as to their relationship will continue this way. As light grows, so do their problems, â€Å"More light and light, more dark and dark our woes! † Dramatic devices are then introduced in the scene, which increases the tension both on the stage and in the audience. Romeo is still in the room as the Nurse enters to announce Lady Capulet’s soon arrival. He simply cannot be caught, and the anxiety in the audience is increased, as it is a matter of time before she comes in. She then calls her daughter as Romeo is departing, indicating her soon arrival. The lovers spend a long time saying their farewells, and Romeo has not completely gone by the time Lady Capulet enters the room. The time period between the Nurses announcement that Lady Capulet will soon be there, causes the audience to feel the building tension, as well as the growing strains on their relationship. From Juliet’s point of view, their relationship brings her much grief every time Romeo leaves her side. As Juliet weeps over Romeo’s departure, her mother enters. She sees her daughter weeping, and can only think that she is grieving still over the death of Tybalt. â€Å"Evermore weeping for your cousin’s death? What, wilt thou wash him from his grave with tears? † Juliet is worried constantly for the safety of Romeo, and their relationship brings her a lot of grief. At this point, it must be frustrating for the audience, as they know what Juliet is really upset about. The irony is that she is in fact grieving for the enemy of the family, Romeo. Lady Capulet then swears vengeance on Romeo for Tybalt’s death. As Juliet could not possibly admit to her relationship with Romeo, all she can do is agree, whilst also speaking truths. â€Å"God pardon him, I do with all my heart: And yet no man like he doth grieve my heart. † For all the grief their relationship has brought them, and is destined to bring them, Juliet is still adamant that their love is not in vain. The audience understands Juliet’s real sorrows, however her mother does not. This occurs many times during the play, as it is very secretive, and people’s words are not always as they seem. When Lady Capulet talks about Romeo as a villain, Juliet can say how she really feels, although it is an aside. She tries to take her murder-planning mother of the subject, by asking of her other news – her impending marriage to the County Paris. Juliet is obviously completely shocked by Lady Capulet’s news of her intended marriage to Paris, and immediately refuses. â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s Church and Peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride. † Juliet and the audience know that she simply cannot go through with this marriage, however her mother does not understand her objection. Juliet is now in a very awkward and somewhat unavoidable position. She cannot tell her parents of her marriage to Romeo, nor can she betray her religion and Romeo by marrying Paris as well. All she can do is refuse, and face the wrath of her father, which both she and the audience can expect. The language used in this scene is also a contributing factor to what Juliet is going through. Juliet is usually a very respectful and obedient towards her mother. At many points she calls her Madam, and as Lady Capulet is about to announce Juliet’s proposed marriage, she responds â€Å"Madam, in happy time, what day is that? † It would take something alarmingly upsetting for Juliet to respond in the way she does, â€Å"I will not marry yet, and when I do, I swear It shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, Rather than Paris. These are news indeed! † Her manner changes towards her mother drastically. She is obviously and understandably appalled from the audience’s point of view. By saying she would sooner marry Romeo, she is making a very strong objection, although she is in fact lying about her hatred for her husband. She then must face the wrath of her father when she tells him of her refusal. He sees her crying once more, and at first her reaction must be of irritation at her father’s naivity, â€Å"How now, a conduit, girl? What, still in tears? Evermore show’ring? In one little body? † The audience knows very well of Juliet’s true sorrow, and it must be irritating for everyone to keep confusing it. Once Juliet then tells her father of her gratitude, and also her refusal of Paris, he scolds her for her selfishness, even though it is quite obvious how ignorant he is being. Juliet does not want to marry Paris, and her father for some reason cannot understand it. It suggests she is using riddles, as her father says, â€Å"How how, how how, chopt-logic? What is this? ‘Proud’, and ‘I thank you’, and ‘I thank you not’, And yet ‘ not proud’, mistress minion you? † The play suggests that she really does want to tell her parents of her relationship with Romeo, and her inability to marry Paris, but she knows she can not. The audience can now see the position she is in, and that there is no escape. Capulet says how he would rather her marry â€Å"A gentleman of noble parentage,† Meaning he would rather Juliet marry anyone with respectable parents for his own personal gain. He does not care of her opinion. Juliet is young and can only think of her love for Romeo. The audience can see that through their passionate love for each other. Juliet thinks she can turn to her mother in what is fast becoming an emotional plea for help. Her mother simply disowns her own daughter, and is disgusted as her husband. â€Å"Talk not to me, for I’ll not speak a word. Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. † The audience must feel Juliets pain and loneliness at this point. Her mother and father have been disgraced by their daughter’s refusal to marry, and rightly so. Her husband has been exiled, and although she does not know, she will never see him alive again. Now she must turn to the closest person she has ever had, her nurse. The Nurse is their servant, and is told what to do, and to a degree what to think. The Nurse does her best to try to change her mind, but she knows that Juliet is not going to be shifted. The Nurse agrees with Juliet’s parents, â€Å"O, he’s a lovely gentleman! Romeo’s a dishclout to him. † Juliet now realises that there is no point staying in the house. Her parents have disowned her, and the Nurse can offer her no comfort. Some may say she is being spoilt and ignorant, however based on the evidence suggested by the text, the audience is likely to feel sympathy for the girl and her plight. There is one final person she can possibly go to, Friar Lawrence. â€Å"I’ll to the Friar to know his remedy; If all else fail, myself have power to die. † As the scene closes, the audience can sense the oncoming tragedy, which has been building up to this point. It seems that Juliet’s position is only going to get worse as it does. In this scene, how does Shakespeare increase the audience’s awareness of Juliet’s position. Firstly, Juliet has to deal with a lot at such a young age, and in very difficult circumstances. Her husband has been exiled, and can only see him at night. Her parents have dropped on her the proposition to marry the County Paris, or to be disowned penniless. She knows she cannot as she has no feelings for him, as well as her marriage to Romeo. Her Nurse, who she has trusted for many years can offer her no comfort, and she must seek the help of the Friar as her last resort. If all else fails, she will take her own life. Shakespeare has made the audience very aware of her position in both the audiences’ eyes and the eyes of the other characters. He has done this through her reactions to events that have happened, as well as the language used in her relationship with other characters. James Preston.

Assignment in English Essay

A good listener can easily respond if he/she possesses an effective listening if they can evaluate the meanings, sound patterns and the vocabulary of each words. (Rost, 2002) defines listening, in its broadest sense, as a process of receiving what the speaker actually says (receptive orientation); constructing and representing meaning (constructive orientation); negotiating meaning with the speaker and responding (collaborative orientation); and, creating meaning through involvement, imagination and empathy (transformative orientation). In the process of communication, 40% came from listening while speaking have only 35%. It means that listening is the most important tool in communication process. It may become ineffective if the listener have some difficulties in recognizing the sound pattern and the structure of each words. It may also affect the communication procedure when there is misunderstanding to the speaker through its barriers which is the noise. And most of the time, the listener itself lose their attention and interest to the topic which can affects the relationship between the speaker and listener. So they should motivate their listeners so that they will continue in delivering their messages to their respective audience. There are three levels of listening; each is characterized by certain behaviors that affect listening effectiveness. Level 1 has the highest potential for understanding, retention and effective communication; level 3 has the lowest. These are general categories to help us understand our listening; they overlap and interchange depending on the situation. All of us listen at different levels of effectiveness throughout the day, as the circumstances and people around us change. For example, it is difficult for most people to listen effectively in the midst of a highly conflicted situation, when they are dealing with emotional people, when they are being criticized, when they are being corrected, or when they are feeling fearful, anxious, or angry. Others listen very effectively when they are working or ministering, only to tune out when they arrive home. These are the three levels of listening; a. ) the active listening that gives the full attention to listening when another is talking and focuses on what is being said and doesn’t allow the distraction but fully alert and engaged; b. the passive listening where the listener hears words but does not really listen because he couldn’t really understand the significance of what is being said; and c. ) the non-listening where the listener’s attention and response is not real and he/she pays attention to himself and own thoughts. Very few people spend most of their time listening at level 1. Most of us listen at all three levels over the course of a day, but the more we listen at level 1, the more effective we will be as leaders. Listening is a five-step process consisting of listening preparation, receiving, constructing meaning, responding, and remembering (Hybels & Weaver, 2007). The first three steps are crucial. Skipping a step can be disastrous. How accurate of a response can be derived without first preparing to listen followed by receiving information? There could not be enough information to accurately construct a meaning. The first step, preparation, is the foundation for listening. Having the proper mindset and environment are critical. The second step in the active process of listening is receiving. A number of processes involved in comprehension are intrapersonal; that is, they take place inside your head. This section familiarizes you with the nature of human information processing and the concept of inner speech. c. Remembering There has been a great deal of research on memory. Remembering is essential if you intend to apply what you have heard in future situations. This chapter acquaints you with the three basic memory systems and the work that has been done in listening training and assessment with regard to the memory process. d. Interpreting When you interpret message you do two things. First, you take into accounts the total communication context so that you are better able to understand the meaning of what is said from the speaker’s point of view. Your ability to empathize, or to see a situation from the other person’s perspective, requires that you pay attention to emotional meaning and to the communicate context. Second, effective listeners let their partners know that they have been understood. e. Evaluating You listen from a unique point of view and are influenced by your perceptual filters- your past experiences, attitudes, personal values, and predispositions.