Dream House

Dream House As I get closer and closer to the island the house that I have always dreamed about awaits me. I can see it from a mile away. Everyone has that house that they ,have always dreamed about. It is so massive, that it is the most noticeable construction on the island. My own private plane lands on the landing strip located next to the house. As soon as I get off the plane, I then begin my voyage down the path that leads to my dream house. I am anxious to get to the house that I will spend the rest of my life in. Everything that surrounds me is simply amazing including all the trees and plants. It feels so good to be at a peaceful place and all you can hear are the birds chirping, smell the salt sea air. A nice tropical breeze on your skin, and warm white sand on my feet. As I draw nearer to the end of the road, my dream starts to appear. After all these years, I can now see my residence up close. Nothing could ever compare to the sight of my house. Nothing could have compared to the moment I was experiencing. What is better than looking at something you designed? My house is a five-story dream that lies on a twenty-acre lot. As I come near to the entrance of the house, four columns that lead to the most elegant doors in the world then surround me. The doors were made of mahogany with glass stained windows in the center of the each door. Each handle was made of brass along with brass frames. As I continue to walk around my house, I come across five windows that seem to overlook the house’s entrance. On each window, there are black shutters. The porch then continues to the backside of the house, as I am able to look over the ocean. When I look down at the ocean, I can see that there are two piers that protrude out in the ocean. The walls of the house are made of a good material to avoid damage from any weather. The outside of my house has an amazing view and I can only imagine what the rest looks like. On the inside of my house, I am able to stand in the middle of the living room and look up all five stories of the house. An elevator is to the right of the living room that is able to go to each story of the house. Each floor has two bathrooms (one full and one-half) with two to three bedrooms. When I walk in the kitchen, it is easy to see that any cook would love this kitchen. It has stainless steel appliances all shiny and gleaming. Just waiting for me use. As I look around I see every kitchen tool or gadget that one could ever think to use. It has a coffee maker in the wall that will brew fresh coffee all day. A grill that will be used to grill shrimp. I am standing in this kitchen just thinking of all the things I want to prepare. The best part of the kitchen is the counter in the middle that is a self-cleaning countertop for cutting and cleaning foods. I then walk to the back yard. Surrounding me is an outdoor oasis. I walk toward the road the first thing; I come across a full size basketball court. As I look to the right of the basketball court, I see a tennis court. The best part about my backyard is the bar that is in between the basketball court and tennis court. As I, approach the opposite side of the yard there is in ground pool. The great thing about the pool is that it is connected to a pool that is inside the house. I put my toe in and realize that it is heated. I can swim day or night. To the east of the house, there is a white gazebo. While you are sitting in the gazebo, you are able to see anything or anyone that enters or leaves the house. Everything I ever imagined was at my house. I planned this out very well to have all my needs and more. As my plane starts to leave to go home, I am able to take one last long look at the house that I had mastered. What I had experienced was my dream home. I could only think to myself, â€Å"This is my dream house and no one else’s, my dream house. †

Business Ethics 5 – Products and Advertising

Advertisements are usually meant to make products to be bought more by customers. Business people try to use the most effective means of advertisement in order to have competitive advantage of other businesspersons in the market. Despite that, advertisements are meant to attract more customers there are too dangerous to be marketed because of the danger that they pause to both the customers and the society in general. For example, people mostly abuse handguns, cigarettes, and some drugs whiuch.In order to market such products there should be strict measures, which should be put in place by the federal government to control the effects of the products, which may cause harm. The American marketing association commits itself to make sure that there is promotion of highest standard of professional ethical norms and values to all its members. Marketers should understand that they do not only work for the organizations but they should also act as the custodian in undertaking activities tha t bring good to the larger population.This means that marketers are supposed to maintain high standards of ethical norms and ethical values. In order to protect the society from harmful effects of marketing of products that are dangerous there are regulations that I would put to marketing of these product. (DesJardins & Hartman, 2008). For cigarettes due to its negative health, effects it has it would be appropriate for markets to put a label on the cigarettes, which warns the smoker that the cigarette is harmful to his or her health and to the health of other members of the society.There should also be no program in the media, which should be sponsored by companies, which manufacture cigarettes. This would reduce creation of positive attitude about cigarettes to the public, which may lead to its increased consumption. The marketers should also not be allowed to put the large posters, which are used for advertisement in public places such as rods. For prescription, drugs there shoul d be a regulation that the drugs should only be sold to those people who have a note from a physician prescribing him or her to take the drugs.They should also a label, which Cleary shows the negative effects they have if abused. For the handguns there should be registering of any handgun that is purchased this would help to reduce criminals obtaining them, licensing of handgun owners, there should also be prohibition of mentally ill people from obtaining handguns. All these regulations would protect the society from many negative effects caused by marketing of handguns. 2. There are usually two criteria that the federal trade commissions use to regulate advertisement. They use deception and fairness as the two criteria.An advertisement is unfair if it has harmful effects to the consumer. For example, if it is an advertisement of a product, which causes negative health effects, then such an advertisement can be termed was unfair. Deceptive advertisement is an advertisement, which us es false or misleading statements to attract customers. Deceptive advertising usually hurts the customers because they may contain statements, which may not be true, which may rue the customer to buy a certain product. This is because the advertisement may contain hidden fees and charges or manipulation of standards of the goods.There is decision-making process, which is used to determine how an advertisement can be unfair. One-step in this process includes looking whether the advertisement hurt and cause injuries the customer. If the advertisement is found to do this then it is taken to be unfair. The injury should be substantial in terms of monetary such as the seller forcing the buyer to goods or services, which are not wanted. The injury, must also be one that the customer could not have reasonably avoided. This is because market place should be self-correcting.The other step involves looking whether the advertisement violates the established public policy, which governs adverti sement. Then there is an examination on whether the advertisement is unethical or unscrupulous. The advertisement should also give the consumer sufficient information so that the customer can be able to make informed decisions (DesJardins & Hartman, 2008). References DesJardins, J. & Hartman, L. (2008) Business ethics: decision-making for personal integrity and social responsibility, New York, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Human Cloning Essay

â€Å"What we call process is the exchange of one nuisance for another nuisance.† This quote by Henry Havelook Ellis describes the outcome of cloning that the world has seen so far and will continue to see if strict laws regulating cloning research are not set into place. Due to governmental regulations, cloning research has slowed down. If such legislations continue, the process of cloning will continue to demolish. If these laws proceed, the creation of the human race will remain in the hands of God — not in the hands of scientists. Cloning has shown few positive outcomes and many negative. Cloning research is not something of the recent past, but something that has been a controversial issue for over 50 years (Cloning). If no laws are set into place, cloning will become a major problem. It will terminate natural birth, and create a superhuman race. Cloning trends have been sporadic for over a century. Recent advancements, however, have startled many. They have cataly zed a large uprising against the continuation of cloning research. Ladies and gentleman, cloning is a problem that has sparked many fires and will continue to do so if nothing is done to stop it. Problem Humans have come a long way in the scientific field with advances in medicine and treatments for God’s ailments, but as far as playing God in order to create a human or any other animal, that is one step that humans can not handle. A clone is defined as a group of organisms, all of which are descended from a single individual through asexual reproduction, as in a pure cell culture of bacteria (Cloning). The main source of the problem, somatic cell nuclear transfer, is actually something far more complex. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the process by which Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned, was created. DNA coming from a single cell in her mother’s egg, was fused with the mammary cell. The fused cell then developed into an embryo, which was implanted in a â€Å"surrogate† sheep. The embryo grew into a lamb, which was genetically identical to the donor sheep (The Cloning Process). This same process could be performed in a human, and a human clone would be form ed. A study of the American people states that 33% of Americans believe that cloning should be banned completely while the other 66% favor research to continue with in reason until something goes wrong (By The  Numbers). This shows that Americans are willing to see what cloning has in store for us, but not willing to sacrifice human lives. Raymond Flynn, president of the National Catholic Alliance states that â€Å"Human and animal reproduction is now in the hands of men, while it rightfully belongs in the hands of God; (Human Cloning).† Even Alan Colman, the lead scientist at the Roslin Institute, states â€Å"I think it highlights more than ever the foolishness of those who want to legalize [human] reproducing cloning.† This is in response to the long and painful death of Dolly. The problem is as clear as day, cloning is not as advanced as it would need to be in order to be successful without complications and history shows us that it has been this way for years. History Cloning is not a new found technology; it has evolved slowly with additions from many top scientists in their fields to become what it has become today. With DNA work dating back hundreds of years, cloning research started over fifty years ago by Robert Briggs and Thomas King. The two scientists successfully added the nucleus of a frog embryo to a frog egg, but eventually the frog egg failed to develop so there was no clone achieved. In 1967, John Gurdon continued the research of Briggs and King and was successful, but his frog died after being alive for only a couple of days. The premature death didn’t deter cloning research for good however. In 1984, cloning took its first giant step with the first sheep being cloned by embryo cell fertilization. In 1997, Dr. Ian Wilmut, head scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland, successfully cloned a sheep by an adult cell, rather than the embryo cell. Cloning has come a long way from early predictions to the actual cloning and wi th this change, a large outcry of opinions has emerged (Cloning). Magnitude In a recent CNN poll, 89% of Americans thought it to be unacceptable to clone a human and 66% believed it to be wrong to clone an animal. This information comes from the news that it took the scientists who created Dolly 277 tries  before they created a healthy, viable lamb. Since cloning humans is more complicated, â€Å"even more deaths and lethal birth defects can be expected during experimentation;† (Human Cloning: Religious and Ethical Debate). In the same CNN poll, 74% of humans believed that scientists were taking God’s powers into their own hands. This is the largest, second to the side affects of cloning (10%), reason that humans disagree with and are fighting hard to change. A viable argument that has been presented is if someone was to create a medicine or antibiotic to stop an illness, would it be playing God? Cloning is creating a living and breathing object, not aiding the individual to live their own life. As times goes on, more and more advances were made in the cloning research field. Although some advancements have been positive such as discovering the ability to replicate bone marrow for leukemia patients, many negative aspects, such as high mother-death rates from birth complications (1 in 3 mother cows died of complications during birth), have started to affect us at an alarming rate. Impact With cloning research, certain desirable traits can be chosen and a superhuman race could be created. Imagine a world with women having attributes of the most gorgeous woman, and men having the attributes of the most handsome man. This could make for a very dull and boring world due to the lack of variation in physical appearances. Physical traits are not the only possibility for change. Diseases could be wiped out. According to the 2002 World Almanac, nine out of the top ten causes of death in the world are genetics related and 52,606,687.5 humans die of these various causes (Top Killers). A question is posed, what would happen if those 52,606,687.5 humans were still living and more humans were being born at a rate of 14.1 babies for every thousand humans (Against Human Cloning)? Poverty rates (19%) would rise at a considerable rate due to the fact of over crowdedness in our metropolitan areas. At time of publication, there were 6,275,919,702 humans on earth (By The Numbers). With this information, the new number including the humans that would still be alive because the void of disease and birth, after simple math would be 6,328,526,389.5. With this number, you can calculate the new amount of humans that would be living in poverty at  the same rate (19% [NCPA]) in 1998 would be 1,202,420,014 humans in comparison to 1,192,850,491. That is an addition of 9,569,523 humans that will be suffering from malnutrition and poor living conditions. Death is God’s way of population control and if it is your time to go, then it’s your time to go and if these diseases were still around, then these figures would become fact, rather than simple math problems. Cloning research and public opinion have been factors of each other ever since the first idea of cloning emerged. As new research comes out, people begin to become excited, but as the research becomes more detailed, the general public begins to shy away from the idea. Trends In the beginning, cloning research was so new, no one really knew anything about it, but people were curious so public opinion was high (73%) in the hopes of a breakthrough. After President Clinton halted all federal funds to aide in the research of cloning, public opinion began to decrease to 17% (Clinton). This shows that the public follows the government in their efforts to seize a program. From the information that has been gathered, many solutions are possible, and hopefully some will come into affect. Problem Solution Costs The costs standards should be measure on the fact that it costs $1,700,000 to clone a human and up to $1,000,000 to clone an animal (By The Numbers). This is a very high price for the chance to have a replica of yourself or any other human being. The chance that an embryo will take is 1:1000, so the costs of running tests on each embryo can add up quickly (What Would A Human Clone Be Like). The costs should be as minimal as possible. Ethics The problem solution should be measured by the quality of life in the world from cloning. Since our numbers for poverty are high enough already, adding more to the human race could only add to the problems faced in the world today. Another ethical argument proposed by opponents is that cloning encourages parents to value their children according to how well they meet expectations, instead of loving them for their own sake. This would cause stress to the clone themselves and with suicide rates in America reaching almost 30,000 (Top Killers) , this would also add to the problems. Humans should also not have to worry about having a superhuman race. With a superhuman race, there would be no diversity. Diversity is what the world, America especially, runs on and if diversity was void, then the world be mundane. The ethical standards play a large part in the forming of a solution, but the largest part is if it can actually happen (Ethics). Feasibility The problem solution should be measured by what changes the world would have to endure because of cloning. Having mass produced children isn’t too far away from reality, but it will never be accepted because there is such a strong religious backbone to our country. Something needs to be done, if not, the world would be in turmoil due to the fact that there would be no disease and diversity. The solution needs to be something that the majority of Americans can agree on, whether that is a total ban or just a partial ban. A key step to a solution was already set into place in 1997 when President Bill Clinton set a ban into place on all federal funds going towards human cloning. As these standards have been set, many possible solutions could come about. Some solutions seem to be far fetched, but some are quite possible. The following is an explanation of possible null, extreme, and moderated solutions to cloning. Alternatives Null By leaving things as they are, nothing will be accomplished. The costs will still continue to be high even though the federal government will still give out federal grants to the research for cloning. The ethics behind the null alternative will be the same. Humans will still have the to worry about the fact that government legislation could be overturned and cloning could become legal. Even though human cloning seems farther away than the cloning of animals, researchers will still be able to continue in their quest for the perfect cloning process. The feasibility of this is actually very easy. The world will still continue to pursue cloning research, but still without federal aide. If the chance to continue on researching is still there, then many possible outcomes could happen such as a superhuman race and the void of diversity. Extreme An extreme stand on the cloning issue is that of making all research and practicing of cloning an offense punishable by death. There would be no costs coming from the cloning standpoint, but the prosecution standpoint would have great costs. When a researcher is found and enough evidence is present, then the researcher would be put into a chair and have a gun pointed to their head and killed. Their organs would be given to the ones that need it. This is not ethical what so ever, but it would cut down on the amount of research at an extreme rate. The human race would become scared and bitter towards the governmental body that is overseeing such a horrible act so the quality of life would start to diminish. Americans especially would never stand for this type of punishment because of their belief in the Bill of Rights, Amendment V and VI. The only ethical part would be that a family would still have its roots and nothing would be changed. Is this solution truly feasible? No, it will never happen. Humans do not see this as a viable plan of action. It would massively change the world in the way humans think about the government and how humans deal with controversial issues. This is an example of a policy that Saddam would be running under his government, and the world is seeing what his people are thinking about him. Moderate The moderate view of cloning would be to only allow research that has been federally approved. The costs for allowing this could get out of line with corrupt practices asking for more and more money to create a human clone. The costs would have to be raised because that would cut down on the affordability for the average human being. Instead of having a human clone cost $1,700,000, the cost would need to be around $20,000,000. The price jack would also benefit the technology aspect in that there is more money to be spent to improve the already existing technology. There would also be a surge in groups’ attempting to be the first group to have a successful clone. The ethical standpoint would not be able to change no matter what happens. No one will ever be happy. This solution will not diminish the quality of life in the world due to the fact that it will raise awareness of the problem at hand, but still allow for a technological breakthrough. The feasibility of having government control over who can research and practice cloning is very possible. Changes would have to be made to the government to include very strict laws for those who are trying to break the law, but other than that, it would be a simple transition from free cloning to government regulated cloning. There would be some organization towards it, but there would still be the possibility of corruptness from either the researcher or the government such as bribery and black mail. Recommended Moderate Alternative The best view that would be the most cost effective, ethical, and feasible would be one where government would place bans on the rights of scientists who practice and research cloning. Since there is going to be government control, the government has the right to pull the plug on any project that seems to be getting out of control. It would still be cost affective because all money would have to come from outside sources that have already been previously approved by the federal government. The only money that would be spent by the government would be on prosecution of researchers who have continued work after their programs has been seized or those who don’t  receive government approval. The punishments would run from heavy fines to jail time, depending on the severity of the offense. The ethical standpoint will never be totally ethical because many see that it is wrong to create a human being not through sexual intercourse. The ethical part of the solution would be that the government still has control over what goes on. This solution is also very feasible. Giving the government control over cloning research could be very easily done. Many might disagree that this solution would be feasible, but there is always a possibility of a permanent ban on all research. These solutions are only going to work if people put their mind to it and work at it. These issues will stop dead in the tracks if something is done but if not; it will continue to spiral until becoming out of control. Conclusion Cloning research has become a major part in our technology-driven society. If legislation is not passed to control cloning, the negative outcomes of cloning will continue to culminate. The history of cloning shows that there are many problems to be solved in the cloning process, yet cloning advancements are growing at a rapid pace – while the problems are left unresolved. With these advancements, a human’s undesired qualities will become a thing of the past and super-human races will start to evolve. Public opinion and the problem will continue to grow until legislation is passed. A final thought, do humans want a society that is a copy of the previous generation? Bibliography â€Å"By The Numbers: Human Cloning.† Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. . â€Å"Cloning.† Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. . Ethics of Human Cloning, The. Cass, Leon R. AEI Press. Washington, DC. 1998. â€Å"Human Cloning.† Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. . â€Å"Human Cloning Is Wrong According to America.† CNN.com. January 29, 2003. < http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9703/01/clone.poll/index.html> â€Å"What Would A Human Clone Be Like?† Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. . â€Å"Clinton Bans Funds for Human Cloning.† CNN.com. March 20, 2003. http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9703/04/clinton.cloning/ â€Å"Against Human Cloning.† BBC.com. April 7, 2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/ethics/cloning/clonesdanger.shtml â€Å"Human Cloning.†Virginia.edu, April 7, 2003. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jones/tmp352/projects98/group1/home.html â€Å"Top Killers.†Aerobic Gardening.com, April 7, 2003. http://www.ritecode.com/aerobicgardening/topkill.html.

Nonverbal Communication Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nonverbal Communication - Research Proposal Example Participants were randomly assigned to either group one or two without knowing the hypothesis to be tested. Participants were asked to solve six questions, where only the time to solve the sixth question was recorded to the nearest second. It was found that participants took more time to answer the sixth question in the absence of nonverbal communication than in the presence of nonverbal communication. It was concluded that absence of nonverbal communication have caused participants to lose their concentration and guidance to complete the task at hand. Nonverbal communication is an effective way to communicate between people. This paper describes an experiment to access the extent to which nonverbal communication affects the level of concentration. Communication is the transfer of information from one person to another. People fail to realize that most of our communication is of a non-verbal form as opposed to the oral and written forms. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep (Allis 2007). While words communicate ideas, nonverbal behavior conveys emotions and attitudes. Nonverbal communication is communication that does not use words. ... Voice is still considered one of the most important nonverbal communications. Voice communicates in ways different than the words a speaker utters. Social scientists use the term paralanguage to describe a wide range of vocal characteristics, which express different attitudes. The paralinguistic content of a message reflects a speaker's feelings. The face and eyes are another important means of nonverbal communication. The eyes communicate a great deal. A skilled nonverbal communicator knows when and where to look to produce the desired results. Visual contact is an invitation to speak which regulates the interaction, exercise control and express intimacy (Posner 1966). Not looking at people indicates the desire not to be interrupted. Eye contact, smiling and nodding indicates interest and social approval of a situation. In most two-person conversations, people seem to look at their partners somewhere between 50 and 60 percent of the time, often alternating short gazes with glances away. An experiment by (Garau 2001) investigated the importance of eye gaze in people engaged in conversation concluded that related gaze behaviour is related provides a marked improvement to the conversation. This report includes the design and results of an experiment to test effect of the existence of nonverbal communication in interpersonal communication. Time taken by participants is recorded in a control condition where nonverbal communication are allowed by the experimenter and compared with time taken by participants in an experimental condition where nonverbal communication is obscured. The hypothesis to be tested was "It would take participants of condition one (absence of non-verbal

Leadership Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Leadership Philosophy - Essay Example The effective leader is a person who has already developed a leadership philosophy which includes the core values that he holds to be important. The modern effective leader imbues these values into every action he or she takes so that the people around see him or her as an example that should be emulated. The incorporation of the leader’s own values into his or her own life means that the leader has effectively chosen the right direction in life. Not every person has the strength required to determine his or her direction and to stick to it in life as challenges arrive. The leader is effectively a person who has chosen a path and chooses to persevere on this path no matter what obstacles appear. In choosing the path, the leader has to sacrifice a number of things in life to set his or her priorities in the right order. Only this method of setting personal values allows a true leader to gain a direction that other people can emulate.

Answer a question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer a question - Essay Example Similarly, Andrews and Karlin purports that metacognition is the way an individual is aware of what they know and what they do not know. Moreover, it is also known as the knowledge and the control an individual has over his own learning, thinking, and how he analyzes his thought processes (Andrews & Karlin, 2002) (page 29 Line 1 to 4). Evidently, metacognition is related to thinking, especially when one is analyzing their thought process of not understanding a concept as well as the ability of communicating ones lack of understanding. For instance, in a science lesson a deaf student who reads, in English, a science section of black holes who shows excellent metacognition strategies that are associated to thinking. Then using American Sign Language (ASL) the students informs the teacher his lack of understanding the concept of black holes. Consequently, the teacher then provides an explanation in ASL to the student. The student also uses English text and employs translation together w ith code switching strategies. As such the student is demonstrating metacognitive awareness in informing the teacher that he does not understand. Moreover, he is thinking together with analyzing his thought processes of not comprehending the concept of black holes and shows the ability to communicate that he does not understand (Andrews & Karlin, 2002) (Page 29 line 3 to 12). On the other hand, metacognition is also related to reading skills. Mostly, the strategies that are normally used in reading include meta-comprehension and metalinguistic awareness skills. Meta-comprehension is the readers’ awareness and control over their own comprehension. For example, a skilled deaf reader knows how to approach a text, locate an important piece of information, and also how to summarize important points and organize information as well as how to make wise decisions on how to best process the reading task. In addition, good deaf readers also set a purpose for reading, make predictions w ith regard to the meaning, form good hypothesis, form mental judgments, monitor their understanding as they read, use prior knowledge effectively, fix a difficulty when it arises, and realize the variety of strategies they can employ after the comprehension breakdown (Andrews & Karlin, 2002) (Page 29 lines 32 to 45). On the other hand, the least skilled deaf readers will tend to rely on the pictures, do not have the ability over the text, misunderstand the text, have limited strategies and tend to get frustrated easily and give in the process (Andrews & Karlin, 2002) (Page 30 lines 1 to 3). Moreover, Andrews and Mason claims that metacognitive skills increase the reading comprehension of the underachieving readers. For instance, although teaching metacognitive comprehension strategies does not automatically guarantee successful reading comprehension among the deaf students, effective instructional approaches will enable the deaf students to use the strategies as a tool to comprehend English texts (Andrews & Mason, 1991) (Page 544 lines 41 to 50). Better readers normally possess good metacognitive strategy and they are also interested in reading as compared to the poor readers (Baker & Beall, 2009) (Page 381, line 8 to 11). Personal experience After knowing the effectiveness of the metacognition

Art analysis paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art analysis paper - Case Study Example It is a brisk, magnificent, enchanting, puzzling, uplifted painting, appealing for my inner emotions, my grief and sorrow and my mind. I have also another allusion. The front pillar reminds me of Christmas and the New Year. The space around it is empty. That means that the modern families experience too much problems, because of their work overload and forgetting about their family traditions. This central pillar is an allegory for a lonesome business woman, who is beautiful and decorated and buys what she wants, but there is nobody around her except huge neon lights, splashes of colors and a lonesome road. I am found of such type of paintings. They make me think about those things, which are of the secondary importance for me in my daily life or I do not have too much time or desire to think about these issues. Such concepts as modernity, womanhood, loneliness, individuality occur to me once I look at the painting. I am sure that this is an allegory for the perverted ideals of the modernity, where carrying packages is better than children, holding your hands†¦Where there is no Christmas tree, but jus monstrous artificially amusing neon lights along the freeway leading from nowhere to

How is nature social Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How is nature social - Essay Example Such transformations have not only touched on issues concerning natural scientists alone, but also the social scientists, the general public, and environmental groups. Environmental groups, with the aid of the media, guaranteed that, by the 1980s, concepts such as â€Å"ozone holes† and the â€Å"greenhouse effect† would be part of everyday vocabulary. An intricate juxtaposition of scientific developments, technological advances and ideological changes, coupled with consequences of the economic growth, has changed the way in which individuals conceive social representations of nature (Leslie and Evernden 1992, p.4). The paper explores the concept â€Å"social constriction of nature,† which has lately become a crude, but universal term describing various understandings of nature, knowledge, and the world. The essay explores the transformation of the physical environment into landscapes via cultural symbols and how the landscapes mirror individuals’ definiti ons of themselves. ... owever, the philosophy, history, and sociology of science in the last two decades have largely asserted and confirmed the relativism of any distinct scientific claims regarding nature (Crist 2004, p.6). Scientific understandings of nature (inclusive of ecological understandings) have frequently been criticized for being mechanistic. In the last two decades, dissatisfaction with positivism has been rife with many theorists appreciating the roles of culture and language in individuals’ perception and understanding of the nature (Whatmore 2005, p.18). It is apparent that naive forms of realism in which nature is a directly perceptible entity that is concisely available to all irrespective of experience, cultural context, or motivation have not been successful. However, among some social scientists, the stress on cultural factors has replaced, rather than complemented biological explanation, which reflects the swing of the epistemological pendulum from biologism (1950s) to the pre occupation with culture (Bird 1987, p.255). Models of Nature Models of nature have typically referred to ecological, or more commonly, scientific understandings and have rarely included cultural factors. Recently, however, there has been a significant step towards defining the nature as a â€Å"social construction.† This translates to the notion that nature is an artefact of human, social and linguistic capability. Vivien Burr suggests â€Å"what individuals regard as truth is mainly a creation, not of objective observation of the world, but of the social processes and interactions† (1995, p.4). Equally, Peter Mason advances that â€Å"reality† is itself a product reflecting the activity of individuals’ imagination (1990, p.15). Language plays a critical role in this construction. According to

Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection paper - Assignment Example I take good care of my appearance and present myself as a confident, friendly and professional person and do not impose myself on others. The important thing is to establish a level of comfort and trust with my associates. Being a manager of my company I consider that my strength is that I instill confidence in my people by giving them challenging assignments to help them build their skills and credibility. During the course of this study I have learnt to present myself in a way so as not to appear arrogant and aloof. I have also learnt to encourage workers to assess their capabilities, and feel comfortable in expressing themselves in front of me, other leaders and clients. As further development of my professional presence I would like to consider the factors that influence my behavior and how it affects others, and accordingly make my presence more effective. According to Albrecht, authenticity is how honestly one views his own personality and attitude. He has said in his book â€Å"to the extent that you respect yourself, have faith in your personal values and beliefs, and deal straight with other people, you are likely to behave in ways that others perceive as authentic.† (Albrecht, 88) When people suffer from poor self confidence, when they believe that other people will not like their values, behavior and attitude, they then attempt to mould themselves according to the desires and wishes of other people and present themselves in accordance to how the others want to perceive them as. In such cases, these people seem to others like they are behaving in an unauthentic manner. Narcissism which is considered as self-love by many psychotherapists, Albrecht sees it is as another type of unauthentic behavior which â€Å"can become pathological if it renders us incapable of engaging in two-way relationships of mutuality, sharing and s upport.† (Albrecht, 98) Authentic leadership means a

A Retail Strategy Used By Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Retail Strategy Used By Apple Inc - Essay Example The researcher states that the developing force of retail rivalry because of the rise of new contenders, arrangements, and innovations, and moves in client needs is constraining retailers to give more consideration regarding long-haul vital plans. As the retail administration choice making procedure demonstrates, a retailing technique is an extension between understanding the world retailing that is, the dissection of the retail environment, the strategic stock administration, and store operations embraced to execute the retail methodology. The retail procedure gives the course retailers need to strategize successfully with their market environment, clients, and contenders. The last component of a retail strategy is the retailer's methodology to build a feasible competitive edge and this is one of the core competencies of Apple. Any business action that a retailer takes part in can be the premise for preference; however, a few favorable circumstances are practiced over a long period, though contenders can copy others practically quickly. Making leeway implies that the retailer, essentially, develops a boundary around its position in a retail showcase. At the point when the boundary is wide, it will be hard for contenders outside the divider to enter the business sector and seek the retailers target clients and a decent case is Apple Inc's retail procedure. Over the previous years, Apple stores have ended up much more enthusiastic, from an area inside the Louver in Paris into one spotted under a 40-foot-high glass barrel in Shanghai. Working for an Apple store can be an aggressive process typically needing no less than two rounds of interviews. Candidates are addressed about their initiative and critical thinking aptitudes, and additionally their eagerness for Apple items as supported by a few presents and previous Apple store representatives. While most retailers need to search out staff, retail masters say numerous Apple stores are overflowing with candidates. Once employed, employees are prepared broadly and are taken to classes that apply Apple standards of client services.

Media and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media and communication - Essay Example The Harry Potter Fan Community is built around the series of seven fantasy novels that are written by J. K. Rowling going by the name of Harry Porter, and the series has attracted so much fanatical interest, that every release of a new series of the book has posed security threats in major cities of the world (Pyne, 2010:126). Thus, starting with interest built around the series of the fantasy novel, the Harry Potter Fan Community has metamorphosed over time into creating different other affiliates of the fan community, which then focuses on different other cultural, social and political issues within the society. This way, the once simply fanatical and craze interests in the novel series have turned into a fully-fledged socio-political activism, which is now driving major campaigns towards achieving socio-political changes. To achieve this transformation and buildup more fanatical following, the Harry Potter Fan Community has created a participatory culture, which is enlisting members’ cultural connections towards realizing more civic and political outcomes (Bennett, 2008:18). In this respect, various cultural practices of textual production and circulation in the digital world have been adopted. This discussion seeks to analyze the different cultural practices of textual production and circulation applied by the Harry Potter Fan Community, while also analyzing the transformative work they engage in, the cultural context of the group’s work and thus enhance the understanding of their culture and work. The digital world has completely changed the way textual production and circulation is done. While traditionally, the face-to-face methods were applied towards textual production and circulation by the fan communities, it has become exceedingly difficult to classify the textual production and circulation activities of the fans into specified categories, considering that the digital development has collapsed the initial

To what extent does success in china depend on businesses Essay Example for Free

To what extent does success in china depend on businesses Essay Success for a business in a large market such as china can be a very difficult thing to achieve; there are many factors that can affect the success or failure of a business that decides to merge into Chinas markets. Most people would assume that due to the very large population of china (roughly 1. 35 billion/l ,363,496,913) operating a business there would not be a problem, this however is incorrect, Just because there is lots of people there doesnt for a minute make it any easier to set u-p and run a successful business. The main point I would say that is essential to success in china s adaptation. If a business is able to adapt well to its surroundings, i. e. the ability to easily change its products and services to match the needs of the local consumer. Just because a company has been successful in other large countries with big markets, does not mean that they have what it takes to succeed everywhere. Being able to change a product range, or the way a service is provided to the consumer needs to be carried out in order to do well in China. Take for example Starbucks coffee, what Starbucks did right in China is a perfect example of how food brands can ucceed despite rising labour and real estate costs, and increased competition on the Mainland. Instead of trying to force onto the market the same products that work in the U. S, such as whip cream-covered frozen coffee concoctions, Starbucks developed flavours (such as green tea-flavoured coffee drinks) that appeal to local tastes. This change in the products that Starbucks offer is the reason why people in china bought into the Starbucks chain, by seeing products that they would normally drink, and having drinks made to their own needs and wants Starbucks was able to cater recisely to what they wanted by doing research into what would work well. As well as the products, Starbucks also changed the way in which the consumers actually got their drinks. Rather than pushing take-out orders, which account for the majority of American sales and is how they made such a big empire, Starbucks adapted to local consumer wants and promoted dine-in service. Making their chain stores very traditional and fitting with the local culture. Surprisingly Starbucks charges as much as 50% more for some of its products in China than in the U. S. , the U. K. and India, but yet it is still a huge success, this is because the business catered well for the needs and adapted. Carrying a Starbucks cup is seen as a status symbol, a way to demonstrate sophistication and the capability to afford a personal luxury for the up- and-coming middle class in China. This links into the brand recognition that Starbucks has created for itself and shows how they carefully targeted their products at the new middle class, it is estimated that its more than 300 million, already larger han the entire population of the United States. This middle class is about 25% of the total Chinese population and as Starbucks has such a recognisable brand people are more liable to visit the store. However, that being said some large companies have tried to adapt for the Chinese markets, and failed despite their efforts.

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams is a short play that uses a large variety of symbolization throughout to describe the emotional, physical and social state of each of its characters. Laura is a very fragile young woman that lives in a lower class, shabby apartment with her older brother Tom, and her eccentric mother Amanda. Laura feels as though she is an outcast in contrast to the rest of the world. Among the many recurrent themes of this play the fragility is shown in a little unicorn that safely exists within a glass menagerie. There are other less prominent symbols such as the colors of a rainbow, blue roses, and the exit, and entrance to the apartment. Lauras glass menagerie is an important symbol. Laura does not want to be involved with the world outside this â€Å"dark, grim† apartment that she lives in with her mother, a â€Å"proud, vivacious woman, Amanda,† and her brother â€Å"Tom, an aspiring poet, and shoe warehouseman.† (ebscohost.com). She prefers the comfort of her â€Å"transparent glass animals† (478). Laura would rather spend time with her tiny glass horses and unicorn figurine, listening to her old records. She would prefer to do this all day rather than having any contact with other people. One of the clearest symbolic uses of the glass figurines happens at a point in the story when Laura and Jim are left by themselves. Laura makes the statement â€Å"You should always take good care of your glass.† (510) Again, we see the symbolism of the glass unicorn and the fragility of Laura. Laura is very shy and innocent, very much like the glass figurines she cleans throughout the day. All though it is very fragile, much like Laura herself, the glass shines and glistens, magnifying many colors of the rainbow in the light. The glass unicorn is obviously the most symbolic of Laura! Reading between the lines as Jim and Laura are talking, it is easy to see that the unicorn represents Lauras unusually different, delicate, and uncomfortablenss in the normal world. Jim makes the statement. â€Å"Poor little fellow, he must feel sort of lonesome†. It is obvious that Laura has felt lonesome most of her life, and Laura replies â€Å"the unicorn sits on a shelf with some normal horses that do not have any horns, and they all seem to get along nicely together.† (p512) During Jim and Lauras short romantic encounter, for a moment, Laura is feeling more confidence. Its as if she is beginning to feel a little normal like her horses. When Jim accidently knocks the glass unicorn to the floor, and breaks the horn off. â€Å"The unicorn has lost its horn. It doesnt really matter. It may be a blessing in disguise.† Laura states, and â€Å"I will just imagine that it has had some kind of operation.† And â€Å"with the horn removed he may feel less freakish! Now he might feel more like he is one of the horses, the ones without any horns†. (p513) For a moment Laura is happy and uplifted. She begins to smile and feel the tension of uniqueness lifting from her. Jim sees this and starts dancing around with her, and eventually kisses her. All of this gives us the slight impression that Laura may finally be escaping the illusive world in which she has lived for most of her life. Laura is for a moment, starting to feel more accepted, especially from Jim. For a moment she is feeling less conscious about her physical disabilities. She starts to open up just a little bit. Its not long after all of this that Jim tells Laura of his engagement to another woman. Laura is broken. She is broken inside, and no longer feels the same uniqueness that she once felt with the glass unicorn. She looks at Jim, and tells him to take the unicorn. Its as if she has let go of something inside. Past dream like memories of a love that she once had for Jim, have now been lost in the reality of Jims words. Laura has spent many years polishing, and taking care of her glass menagerie, and keeping her unicorn safe from the outside world. But, now it has been exposed, and in turn it has been broken, just as Laura has been broken. The dream of maybe, some day having love from a man, and being normal has now been replaced with a broken heart, and a withdrawn sadness. As the introverted and shy Laura is lost even further in to herself. We begin to see a glimpse of the symbolisms in the use of the rainbow and its colors. But it is less obvious than that of the glass unicorn. The rainbow signifies that there may be some hope in the future. Tom gives Laura a glimpse of hope, â€Å"Laura is overwhelmed with emotions when Tom pulls out the rainbow-colored scarf and tells the story of how a magician changed a bowl of little fish into canaries. Towards the end of the play, Tom reflects on Laura as he gazes at some broken colored glass, and imagines his shattered sister Laura and her broken spirit†.(ebscohost.com). Tom wishes in the symbolic sense that he could blow out the candles of his sisters despair. He also reflects on how Laura would spend hours polishing her glass animals, keeping them safe from the rest of the world. There is sad irony in Tennessee Williams play when you think about the symbolism of the rainbow. Although rainbows seem to be positive, bright, and hopeful signs that a new day is coming soon, there is usually much pain that must be endured before that time, if it ever comes. There is quite an array of symbolism that helps to form the character of Laura. Tennessee Williams uses the color of blue in Jims nickname for Laura. Like the rose, Laura is fragile, and like the color blue, she is shy, innocent, and very sad. Works Cited Fambrough, Preston. Williams The Glass Menagerie. Explicator 63.2 (Winter 2005): 100-102. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Northwestern State U, Watson Lib, Leesville, LA. 17 Mar. 2008 < http://search.ebscohost.com>. Reese, Jennifer. The Glass Menagerie. Entertainment Weekly (28 Apr. 2006): 143-143. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Northwestern State U, Watson Lib., Leesville, LA. 17 Mar. 2008 . Williams, Tennessee. â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Literature for Composition: Writing Arguments about Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama ed. by Sylvia Barnet, William Burto and William E. Cain†¦8th Ed New York. 2007: 499-519.

Mediation

Mediation Mediation within a Cultural Perspective Introduction In order to better understand ourselves, we must understand others. These few words shed a different lens when dealing with differences between citizens in a community. The Alternative Discourse Resolution (ADR) movement was born during the 1960-1970 as a substitute process to serve justice outside of the courts. During this era issues of race, class, gender, social inequality, and human rights began a transformative discourse in society. The movement provided a different lens on the realties occurring in American culture. Many communities felt disempowered and unequal within the United States and insisted justice. The legal court system was stumbled with various court cases, each demanding a place to express their voice to reach impartiality. Therefore, ADR served as a tool that empowers and serves fairness without legal ties. It developed as a reflective process and began negotiating differences. The ADR was a cost efficient process that allowed disputants to voice their stories in a safe environment with the purpose of reaching an agreement through a mediator. The mediator then serves as a neutral third person in the process and common ground between the disputants. Compared to other forms of conflict resolution, mediation involves the disputants directly in the conflict and in the process of resolution (Frenkel Stark, 2008). As a result, mediation seeks self-determination, impartiality, and neutrality as the essential foundation in the practice so that inequalities are avoided in the process. In the article Why inequalities? The authors begin discussing stratification between various ethnic groups and the inequalities that constrain a variety of minorities within a historical context. Issues of intelligence and policies rise to the conclusion on how inequalities are not part of nature or by the economic regimen but of due to the historical injustices such as policys put in place that have continued to take part in acts of injustice. (Shapiro 2004). Taking this idea into perspective, diversity will arise in mediation and the importance of fairness and equality are imperative, and mediators, who are not culturally sensitive, may have biases or misunderstanding of the conflict. What are the cultural disparities that can affect the process of mediation? What are the strategies being used to help bridge the gap between cultural differences within a Western mediation process? How does the United States differ in the mediation process to international mediation? The purpose of this paper is to provide a different and fresh awareness on mediation, especially when cultural differences are at the core of the conflict. The researcher first considers that culture is significant in this discussion of mediation and central to understanding the best methods of effective mediation. ADR and mediation will be used interchangeably through out the paper Culture Culture can be defined in many different ways. For this reason, culture will be defined and described as: â€Å"[the composition of different norms, values, and beliefs for socially appropriate ways to â€Å"process† conflict and disputes, including their management or resolution (Avruch and Black 1991). A culture is not defined by one entity but can take many shapes and forms. It goes beyond the ability to identify on the surface of how someone looks, dresses and participates in society; it is the complexity of ideals and values instilled within a persona. â€Å"Our culture shapes how we approach conflict and conflict resolution- including our values, norms and conduct. It even influences how we define conflict itself and what we considered acceptable or desirable goals of problem solving† (Chew, 2004 p. 2). As a result, in mediation, misconceptions can be eluded and the mediator or the disputant shifts the power dynamics. The culture of a person can be the based off of beliefs that they bring when in a situation of dispute. By allowing the disputants to have charge in their decision-making, this will empower them and allow the disputant to participate in self-determination, but at the same time it may be dangerous when inequalities of power exist in the process (Davidheiser, 2006). Consequently, this leads to unfairness and misconceptions of mediation as a neutral sphere of negotiation. Inclusion or Exclusion of Culture in Mediation Many researchers argue for or against including culture in mediation. Kevin Avruch (2003) discusses how culture has been neglected through out mediation until the early 1980s. He also feels it is crucial for any developing mediation program to incorporate a cultural component in the training process. Mediators must understand that culture can be strongly correlated to the style of negotiation. Avruch (2003) then speaks about Type 1 and Type 2 Errors. He further discusses that each error can be crucial to the conflict resolution process by being to culturally sensitive (Type 1) or not culturally sensitive enough (Type 2). Participating in any of these errors can impact ADR because it may neglect or over emphasize an issue that intentionally was not meant or should have been exposed in mediation. Frenkel Stark have emphasized four essential skills needed by mediation to maintain balance such as communication, established climate, diagnosticians and persuasive. These four skills will create an equilibrium that is necessary to begin mediation. Although the mediation environment and mediator are balanced in power, the cultural background of the disputant will proceed as a natural component in the circle to negotiation. â€Å"However it can be socially beneficial by generating awareness of structures of power and producing frameworks within which to debate social norms by individual everyday acts of resistance which illustrate the ways in which relatively powerless people accommodate to power whilst simultaneously protecting their identities† (Mulcahy, 2000, p.147 as cited in Li On, 2008,p. 458). Meanwhile Chew (2004) states every disputant is influenced by their cultural lens and frame their ideas and perceptions around, what is culturally correct. As a result, it can shape the outcome of the ADR process because at the core of the conflict is influenced by the values and morals attached to culture by a person. Russell Korobkin would argue that mediation is a process of negotiating, and those cultural differences do not have anything in common with the negotiation strategies of a person. Therefore, Korobkin believes that it is the separation of the person from the problem that mediation and negotiation truly exists. Furthermore, Avruch would disagree and state culture provides cognitive and emotional frameworks for understanding the actions and motives of the self and others. It has been disputed for years, and the research continues to dwindle in circles. Consequently, culture should not be over or underplayed. Mediators have the responsibility to listen to each individuals voice and be able to identify if cultural difference will be an issue to reach negotiation. The space for each individual to share his or her narrative discourse allots an empowerment process that transits power to the individual. The Power of Culture in Mediation Foucault (1982) states where there is power, there is counter power also occurring. The ideas of power transmitting in mediation are crucial in understanding the facilitative process of a mediator. Therefore, their role is not only to be in charge of the process but to also allow the parties control the outcome. By the mediator controlling the process, transmission of powers can circulate in mediation. As a result, some of the conflicts and counter arguments discussed in mediation are how disadvantaged groups lack control in mediation, due to the power being brought in by the disputant. For example, an underprivileged undocumented person may walk in with less power than a person who is â€Å"American†, wealthy, and entering mediation with a lawyer. Cultural differences of respect, conflict, and language can set barriers in the process of negotiation. The power is not equally distributed across the board. Therefore, the mediator is in charge of providing the space for opportuni ties and to develop a solid communication. Mediators need to be able to diagnose if cultural difference will change the flow of mediation. The article Family Mediations and Cultural Diversity: Mediating with Latino Families discusses how the mediator can identify differences in aggressiveness, eye contact and face-saving. Cultural difference in mediation reminds me of both power and powerless participating in a transformative space during mediation; what Kris D. Gutierrez, Patricia Baquedano-Lopez and Carlos Tejeda call a constructed â€Å"third space.† The third space allows for dialogue to occur to develop knowledge in a dual voice form to construct cultural resources. The space will allow for transformation and discourse to occur. As a consequence, dialogue will begin to open doors for negotiation and develop common ground between the disputants. The process becomes a transformative space for empowerment. Paulo Freire examines the structural inequalities in society and emphasizes on the importance of dialogue between oppressed and oppressor to advance towards a humanizing pedagogy. Once dialogue is exposed dif ferences between both groups are understood. Mediation becomes a humanizing experience to transport dialogue and discuss conflicts between disputants and reach an understanding. Mark DavidHeiser (2006) articulated the importance of mediation and power imbalances that occur by using Gambia, a small country west of Africa, and explains how mediation has allowed for women to be empowered and given a voice to speak. Mediation was labeled a harmonic process where peace and respect for both parties was the central focus. Harmony ceremonies occur when ideologies between men and women are supported through a peaceful ceremony and issues of justice between male and women are shared and through various prayers rights and the need for justice between the couples are discussed. In many cases the women spoke out in front of their husbands about how they felt about their relationships. Mediation became a space that empowers women to leave their society role and be given a â€Å"voice†. The voice that allows their partners to realize the injustice occurring in their communities and at the same time helps renegotiate the power within the environment of mediation. In parallel, the article An Indigenous Imperative supports the argument of power because many indigenous groups like the Australian Aboriginal communities and the Navajo tribe to feel disconnected forms society norms and the structure of med iation. For that sole purpose having knowledge of cultural sensitivity as mediator will help dismantle power imbalances and allow for the voice of the individual to occur. By participating in a â€Å"third space† empowerment that occurs for those whose views, values and beliefs go against the Western views of individuality, a collaborative mediation is developed that values inclusion. Individuality vs. Community Mediation ideologies vary in different cultures. Providing mediation is not a single process embraced by all. Mediation across the world various and is used for various purposes. Discussing the topic of culture, it is important to mention the sense of community many cultures have and how in American culture, which is an individualistic community may clash in ideologies. Authors Glenn E. Singleton and Curtis Linton discuss in their book titled Courageous Conversations about Race, The differences of individualism vs. collectivism in the U.S. although a myriad of examples were provided, the differences between a self-expression vs. respect for authority. Developed connections to the various cultures exposed who respect a group consensus over individual thinking. This key component of culture gives insight on cultures group orientation strategy and the role it plays n mediation various studies have been conducted to camper U.S Mediation strategies to other countries. In one particular s tudy it was compared to Korean- Harmony ceremony. The Author Diane LeReche (1992) discovered that Korean mediators have a crucial and interconnected role in mediation. In many cases they provide advice and are personally connected to the disputant. They become knowledge consults who can provide guidance and reach harmony. In a very similar process, The Navajo tribe are an example of how their culture, language and traditions have influenced their way of managing conflicts. Their views on life have molded their outlook when dealing conflict resolution. Philmer Bluehouse and James W. Zion explain how the Navajo people have a deeper meaning to mediation by using strong community leaders to refocus the members to their state of reaching harmony within themselves. Through the Peacemaker court, the Navajo enforce two main laws (Bluehouse Zion, 1993 ). The laws incorporate life skills such as cooperation, friendship and unselfishness for the betterment of the community. Unlike American med iation where a third member is facilitating the communication, the peacemaker is completely involved in the process and gives advice and possible solutions to help resolve the conflict and maintain the relationship between the individuals when possible. The individuals respect the peacemaker and absorb all advice given because it is a cultural norm and the person assigned, as peacemaker is an elder highly appreciated. The individuals respect the peacemaker and absorb all advice given because it is a cultural norm and the person assigned, as peacemaker is an elder highly appreciated. Then it is the cultural lens is applied to what the needs of the community are and its members. In the Navajo clan, maintaining relationships is important and valued. Therefore, in mediation, the process becomes a medicine and is guided through a ceremonial process intended to diagnose the problem. Mediation is used to resolve conflict resolution and how the process is obtained varies in various cultural communities. Embracing community unity is significant also. In Japan community represents whole no individuality. Everything exerted is for the benefit of the community. Therefore, it is a community responsibility to participate in mediation and avoid the court unless mediation fails. In which then it represents the individuals accepting personal failure. While community unity is important as a way of life, it is also established as a community norm where the court only exists as a process for those community members who failed to participate in mediation. It is a process not embraced as an option or an alternative to legal dispute. Mediation must occur as a community duty to help maintain relations with others (Callister,Wall1997). When member of a disputants participate in community mediation, it enhances the human achievement and needs of belonging in a society without feel ing excluded (Schwerin, 1995). In Eastern Europe, community mediation is viewed as a transfer of power from an authoritative structure to a democratic ideology. Community mediation can be a powerful tool if the correct tools are used to execute the process. Western vs. Community Mediation is vividly viewed across internationally in all mediation. The differences between peacemakers and mediators distinguish the role of respect between members in the community. In Western mediations, a mediator is a facilitative person not representing any party in the process. In contrast, a peacemaker is a most commonly a relative. It builds on the unity of a community, rather then the self most commonly seen in western mediation. The process also establishes the importance of relation in relative to the essence of time. In community mediation, relationships are important for the benefit of maintaining relationships in society. In Western mediation, mediation means money. Therefore, the process is not about the relationships but of tackling the problem. The problem is detached from the person and singled out to discuss the conflict. Although the purpose of mediation is to find a common space, cultural inequalities will continue to stand out as an issu e in mediation. American culture establishes the principles for all interracial group interactions (Singleton Linton, 2006). Hence why culture continues to have â€Å"differences† in mediation. Just because other cultures do not have the same individualistic mentality and way of living does not conclude there are problems in mediation. Consequently they become differences in ADR because they do not constitute the norms, and routines of the individual. Cultural Differences in Mediation Perception Perceptions Understanding perceptions can expand the range of possible solutions. In the book, Getting to YES, The authors explain the importance of detaching the individual from the problem in order to better grasp the conflict. One of the key components in being able to do is by clarifying the perception of the disputants. Understanding perceptions can expand the range of possible solutions. Without identifying the perceptions, assumptions are made. Those assumptions developed, take part on the negotiation process. Every person carries different assumptions. While some may feel to restore connections others are there to voice justice. Trust In this process, trust is important. Without the trust between the mediator and the disputant, reaching negotiation is complicated. In the article Trust and other-Anxiety in Negotiation: Dynamics Across Boundaries of Self and Culture, the authors argue trust is a hidden feature rarely exposed in the negotiation process but is present through tension. High and low layers of trust will expose the communication between the disputants. Communication is the goal of mediation trust can be expanded by allowing the individual to feel comfortable in their environment and begin exposing the trust.† It is dynamic rather than static in quality, if not downright fluid.† (Wu Laws, 2003,p. 329). Face expulsion In Hawaii the majority of its people consist of Asian descent. The â€Å"face† concept discussed in this article as a form of self-respect and can affect the process of mediation. In Hawaii, mediation occurs very procedural. The mediators first lay the rules for mediation, and then the mediators consult with each disputant separately twice. Once voices are heard and mediators understand the situations of both disputants mediation occurs as with both disputants. This process has been successful in Hawaii in dealing with cultural differences. According to the authors, face also exists as culturally acquired social phenomena. Facial expression can originate from nature or form nurture. The Asian community has a variety of perspectives of face and how it is define is very similar within cultures. The author then recognizes Ting-Toomey face work theory and the study he conducted with Asian cultures and American culture. â€Å"Face displays not only an individuals features and uniq ueness but also that persons sense of social identity, by using metaphorical expressions†(Ogawa 1999 p.5) Depending on what culture you are from the concept of face develops and carries a natural instinct of ones persona. Face work is important to recognize because it may lead into communication dialogue. The dialogue is intended to create awareness of cultural differences and value mediation in a different way. Face concept plays a role in our communication strategies everyday. Every person quickly get diagnose the face expression of a person. Face concept is important to understand in cultural diverse communities because it allows to lower the tension between disputes and allows the mediator t understand how face is a part of an embedded culture. Mediators who understand the importance of face, will better understand the communication process of members from various cultures Tools for Cross Cultural Issues Researchers across the literature have provided various tools to help with creating equity n mediation. Culture is something deeply rooted with an Individual. In order to be able to understand the perspective of the individual reflection must be incorporated. Mediators should follow various strategies to help create a safe environment within mediation. Some of the important tools to use are Reframing. Frenkel and Stark mentions how a simple reframing of a statement by the mediator can reduce disputes and embrace positive information. If the mediator is aware of the strategy can be constructive when racial or negative tension exist between disputants. Furthermore the authors gave example on focusing on the human needs in mediation. What are the needs of the disputant? By doing so, mediation becomes a productive environment. Next Active listening, listening allows the individual to feel empowered and valued in the process. y actively listing, the participants begin to communicate the core of the problem. It is crucial for the mediator to balance and transmit he power of voice to both side in mediation. By neglecting or preferring one over the other can cause conflict in the negotiation process. Also mediators as mention by Frenkel and Starkstate mediators should continuously summarize. By summarizing you are assuring you understand the narrative story of each disputant and it avoids for assumptions to be made. Above all, I feel each individual should be valued for who they are. Everybody is unique and differences should be embraced and not singled out, as a conflict in mediation is a space to help conquer differences and establish common ground to help problem solve through collaboration. Mediation from the start! Education and Mediation Timothy Hedeen, author of Dialogue and Democracy, community and Capacity: Lessons for conflict Resolution Education from Montessori, Dewey, and Freire, expresses the importance for cultural mediation to begin at a young age. He uses the work of three huge contributors in education to help establish a dimension for conflict resolution in education. The purpose is to empower the students and to begin participating in their own self-determination process. The process becomes almost a way of living. Taking key models from the leading researchers in education, learning bout conflict becomes a group effort and a learning process. The process also allows for children to begin critically thinking and taking charge of their own voice. The process will establish end result of participants in society as problem solvers. Critically thinking about this process, can leads me to think on the transformative change that can occur in society. By establishing norms at a young age on the importance of solving our own problems, mediation would be conducted at a personal level. At the same time, children will also participate in constant dialogue with reflection and understand the viewpoints of other while in conflict. In conclusion, society has established inequities amongst various cultural groups. Mediation has expressed through out the research differs across the world. Mediators must learn to use key tools to be able and to conduct a space for any individual to feel comfortable and valued in dialogue. Establishing norms of how to deal with conflict resolution at a young age will help establish a community of critical and problem solving thinkers. References Adair, W. L., Brett, J. M. (2005). The Negotiation Dance: Time, Culture, and Behavioral Sequences in Negotiation. Organization Science, 16(1), 33-51. Avruch, K. (2000). Culture and Negotiation Pedagogy. Negotiation Journal, 0, 339-346. Avruch, K. (2003). Type 1 and Type 2 Errors in Culturally Sensitive Conflict Resolution Practice. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 20(3), 351-371. Bluehouse, P., Zion, J. W. (1993). Hozhooji Naaaanii: The Navajo Justice and Harmony Ceremony. Mediation Quarterly, 10(4), 327-337. Brigg, M. (2003). Mediation, Power, and Cultural Difference. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 20(3), 287-306. Callister, R. R., Wall Jr., J. A. (1997). Japanese Community and Organizational Mediation. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(2), 311-327. Callister, R. R., Wall Jr., J. A. (2004). Thai and U.S Mediation. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(4), 573-598. Chew, P. K. (2004). The Pervasiveness of Culture in Conflict. Journal of Legal Education, 54(1), 1-23. Cobb, S. (1993). Empowerment and Mediation. Negotiation Journal, 0, 245-259. Davidheiser, M. (2006). Harmony, Peacemaking and Power: Controlling Process and African Mediation. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 23(3), 281-299. Fisher, R., Ury, W. L., Patton, B. (1991). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In (2 Reprint ed.). Boston: Penguin (Non-Classics). Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (15th ed.). New York: Seabury Press. Frenkel, D. N., Stark, J. H. (2008). The Practice of Mediation: A Video-integrated Text (Pap/DVD ed.). Baltimore: Aspen Publishers, Inc.. Gil, S. P. (1999). Mediation and Communication of Information in the Cultural Interface. AI SOCIETY, 13, 218-234. Gilhooley, J., Scheuch, N. (2000). Using Peer Mediation in Classrooms and Schools: Strategies for Teachers, Counselors, and Administrators (1 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Goldberg, R. M. (2009). How Our Worldviews Shape Our practice. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 26(4), 405-431. Grose, P. R. (1995). An Indigenous Imperative: The Rationale for the Recognition of Aboriginal Dispute Resolution Mechanism. Mediation Quarterly, 12(4), 327-338. Hedeen, T. (2005). Dialogue and Democracy, Community and Capacity: Lessons for Conflict Resolution Education from Montessori, Dewey, and Freire. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 23(2), 185-202. Irving, H. H., Benjamin, M., San-Pedro, J. (1999). Family Mediation and Cultural Diversity: Mediating with Latino Families. Mediation Quarterly, 16(4), 325-339. LeResche, D. (1992). Comparison of the American Mediation Process with a Korean-American Harmony Restoration. Mediation Quarterly, 9(4), 323-339. Leng, R. J., Raegan, P. M. (2003). Social and Political Cultural Effects on the Outcomes of Mediaiton in militarized Interstate Disputes. International Studies Quarterly, 47, 431-452. Li-On, L. (2009). The Politics of Community mediation: A Study of Community Mediation in Israel. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 26(4), 453-479. Linton, C., Singleton, G. E. (2005). Courageous Conversations About Race: A Field Guide for Achieving Equity in Schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Ogawa, N. (1999). The Concept of Face work: Its Functions in the Hawaii Model of Mediation . Mediation Quarterly, 17(1), 5-20. Poitras, J. (2009). What Makes Parties Trust Mediaitors?. Negotiation Journal, 10, 307-325. Shapiro, T. (2004). Great Divides: Readings in Social Inequality in the United States (3 ed.). New York City: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Soon, J. J. (1990). Some Guidelines for Mediators of Intercultural Disputes. Negotiation Journal, 0, 383-389. Umbreit, M. S. (1997). Humanistic Mediation: A Transformative Journey of Peacemaking . Mediation Quarterly, 14(3), 201-213. Wing, L. (2009). Mediation and Inequality Reconsidered: Bringing the Discussion to the Table. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 26(4), 383-404. Winslade, J. (2006). Mediation with a focus on Discursive Positioning . Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 23(4), 501-514. Wu, J., Laws, D. (2003). Trust and Other Anxiety in Negotiaiton Dynamic Across boundaries of Self and Culture. Negotiation Journal, 0, 329-367.

Capital Punishment Essay -- Research Death Penalty Essays

Capital Punishment Whenever the word "death penalty" comes up, extremists from both sides of the spectrum begin to wildly express their opinions. One side says deterrence, the other side says there's a potential of executing an innocent man. One says justice, retribution, and punishment; the other side says execution is murder. However, all arguments aside, the best way and the only way to truly make a rational decision about capital punishment is to examine the purpose of our criminal justice system. Once the purpose of the criminal justice system is established, one must find out the purpose of capital punishment. This paper will show that the purpose of capital punishment is consistent with and embodies the purpose of the criminal justice system. Then, this paper will determine whether or not the present form of the death penalty is fulfilling its purpose, and what could be changed to make the death penalty more efficient and effective. The first question that must be faced is, "What is the purpose of the criminal justice system and does the death penalty help to fulfill that purpose?" In The Law, Frederic Bastiat says that humans have inalienable rights that existed outside of and before government. These rights are life, liberty, and property. He contends that the only legitimate purpose of government is to protect these rights. When one person inflicts on another's rights or takes advantage of another person, he is plundering. Bastiat asks, "When, then, does plunder stop? It stops when it becomes more painful and more dangerous than labor. It is evident, then that the proper purpose of law is to use the power of its collective force to stop this fatal tendency to plunder instead of work. All the measures of the law should protect property and punish plunder," (Bastiat 24-26). People will plunder, take advantage of others, and commit crimes as long as it is in their best interest to do so. The purpose our entire criminal justice system is to protect the rights of life, liberty, and property for all its citizens. To do this, the criminal justice system needs to make "plunder more painful and more dangerous than labor." In other words, the punishment for crime must be harsh enough to deter potential criminals. Under this mindset, the death penalty makes perfect sense. Here is a punishment that truly makes the criminal pay for his crime, stops t... ... General's Office. 1997. 2. 32. 0 The Attorney General's Office did say that the appeals process would be faster once the results of new laws passed on the federal and state level begin to take effect. However, he said that he didn't expect the length of time to get any shorter than 5 years. 33. 0 Malice- Malice is that condition of mind which prompts a person to take the life of another intentionally without just cause, excuse, or justification. Express malice- In criminal law, the intent to kill or seriously injure arising from a deliberate rational mind. Implied malice- Malice inferred from a person's conduct. (Definitions come from Black's Law Dictionary: New Pocket Edition.) 34. 0 In all capital cases, there are two initial trials. The first trial decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The second trial decides whether to give the defendant a punishment of death or life imprisonment. Having 9 of 12 jurors concur on the punishment obviously refers to the second trial, not the first. The procedure for the first trial will be unchanged by this bill. 35. 0 Duff, Charles. A Handbook on Hanging. Boston: Hale, Cushman, and Flint. 1929. 54.

Psychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeare?s Hamlet Essay -- essays resear

If one wants to truly understand the psychological implications of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the situation surrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that is implied through Hamlet’s way of portraying himself to others, it is vital to look deep into the actions that are carried out, and analyze them psychoanalytically. Many have already written works that evaluate the play using this method, and one can also do this simply by having a good understanding of what a psychological evaluation truly is. Before beginning the analysis, it would be necessary to have a proper understanding of the psychoanalytical perspective. After attaining knowledge about the perspective, and reading Hamlet of course, one can begin to make important connections using details from the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the actual play, one of the principle argument is whether Hamlet is truly mad or not. To analyze this for validity, one would have to look at the linguistics of the play and the situations that play out within it. There is concrete evidence, as well as implied detail, which leads one to believe that Hamlet is only acting as if he were mad in order to carry out his plan to avenge the death of the late King Hamlet. One of the first examples of this evidence shows itself when Hamlet warns Horatio of what he’s planning, and in effect, not to blow his cover. â€Å"Here, as before, never, so help you mercy, how strange or odd soe'er I bear myself,— As I, perchance, hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on,— that you, at such times seeing me, never shall...note that you know aught of me:—this is not to do, so grace and mercy at your most need help you, swear.† (Hamlet) This quotation clearly shows that Hamlet is conscious of the situation, and will pretend to be mad. But, there is other evidence that may lead one to think about whether or not Hamlet may have actually been slightly mad. For instance, it strikes one as odd that Hamlet waits so long, and goes through so much trouble in order to kill King Claudius. Hamlet wa... ...alyze the work, or use what others have understood from analyzing Hamlet themselves to draw conclusions and gain an in-depth understanding of what the character is going through from a psychological perspective. There are endless sources out there than can be used as references to support this sort of inquiry. It all comes down to comprehending the work and the perspective. It’s not necessary to scrutinize the inner workings of the play in order to enjoy it, it never has been. Sometimes it’s not until the second or third, or even fourth reading that the reader begins to ask the more advanced questions and demand more of the text. Once that is accomplished, the rest is a proverbial piece of cake. Works Citied Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Hamlet: Prince of Denmark.† Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Comp. Robert Deyanni. Boston; McGraw-Hill, 2000. 941-1042. Paredes-vonOyen, Erin. Has Hamlet Gone Crazy?. 26 October. 2000 . Takahashi, Yasunari. â€Å"Speech, Deceit, and Catharsis: A Reading of Hamlet.† Hamlet and Japan. Ed. Yoshiko Uà ©no. Hamlet Collection 2. New York: AMS, 1995. 3-19. Adair, Vance. â€Å"Rewriting the (S)crypt: Gazing on Hamlet’s Interiors.† Q/W/E/R/T/Y 6 (1996): 5-15.

Kazakhstan’s 20 Years of Independence

Kazakhstan’s 20 Years of Independence When Kazakhstan became independent after the collapse of Soviet Union in December 1991, many experts had predicted the collapse of the Central Asian nation under the burden of economic and social problems. But 20 years since then, the country of over 16 million people has become the largest economy in the Central Asian region due to its enormous oil, gas and uranium reserves and bold market economic reforms and political stability in the nation of 130 ethnic groups.According to official figures, Kazakhstan's GDP per capita grew from $700 in 1994 to more than $9,000 last year. In fact the growth was five years ahead of the schedule, and faster than in any other country in the first 20 years of its independence. Kazakhstan held year-long celebrations across the nation to celebrate its success and look towards what needs to be done to maintain the growth curve. The rapid economic and industrial growth of the oil and energy rich nation is attr ibuted to Kazakhstan's concerted efforts to create a stable, investor-friendly environment.Despite the 2008 economic downturn, Kazakhstan retained and attracted a remarkable inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). Last year, the nation scored among the the top 10 nations attracting FDI in the entire world. According to official figures, the country has attracted $132 billion in FDI in the last 20 years. Officials attribute the reasons to the economic growth to the political stability in the country and some of the bold decisions by President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Nazarbayev moved the capital from Almaty to Astana in December 1997 which has proven to be a critical moment.The new capital has come up as a dynamic centre of a rapidly growing nation and a modern 21st century city of some 750,000 people. The model of inter-ethnic relations that has preserved peace and harmony in the ethnically and religiously diverse society of Kazakhstan is another cause for the countries strong growt h. On the political front, Kazakhstan is now moving towards multi-party democracy with the parliament elections to be conducted in January next year. Kazakhstan was the chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2010 and hosted the OSCE summit at Astana in December.An Astana Commemorative Declaration was signed, renewing commitment to a better cooperation within the organization of 56 participating states from North America, Europe and Eurasia. In 2011, Kazakhstan also chaired the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, seeking to strengthen it as a critical instrument of promoting multi-faceted cooperation among its six members. And in June, Kazakhstan assumed the one-year presidency in the 57-nation Organization of Islamic Cooperation seeking to promote peace, cooperation and development.

Positive and Negative emotions Essay

There be a few benefits associated with experiencing a ordained feeling theory. Typically, when you be having a prescribed emotion you see things on the up side rather than a prejudicious outlook. For instance, people always feel advanced or continue to think corroborative if they are pull inting good grades in school. I, myself is very eager to sustain a positivistic emotion when my grades are above average and I am getting supportive feedback from the instructor saying that I am on a capital path in that class. This emotion testament help promote a supportive well-being. Another benefit associated with experiencing positive emotion is positive effect. With this warrants joy, happiness, and positive fulfillment. These emotions create a desire to search for new possibilities as well expressing your creative talents. Me personally, women are more than emotional creatures.We some clocks can get in our feeling, rather the emotion is positive or minus. We are sensitive, shy, and reluctant at times, versus men who tend to keep their emotions in check. I feel men are the lessor emotionally engaging of the two. Most of the time men are more positive about certain situation inappropriate women, we can find negativity in a plain paper bag. When comes to the facelift of children, men are more minded(predicate) to being positive. I say that because I can be all up in my emotions dealing with our son and my conserve (almost with a blank stare on his face) allow for say he is a boy let him get bumps and bruises that will toughen him up. Despite what he says I am still a aflutter wreck when may fall or hurt himself. So, I think there is a big gap in how men and women differ in negative emotions.

21st Century Racism in Canada Essay

racism in Canada is one of the to the emitest degree publicised problems modern Canadian society has confront in the Twenty first of all Century. With the legal age of the Canadian and human beings public holding the census that Canada through its lax immigration policies and political reform, is far from a racialist distinguish. This belief is a falsehood that has e real been achieved through sportsmanlike lies from bill textbooks or a lack of endeavor to uncover the factual racial issues that permeate through out Canada. Canada has been and is a racist nation that continues to non face the fact that racialism is alive and entertainably in Twenty jump Century Canada. racism towards slaves coming to Canada in research of solace from the racist United States was non an droll occurrence in the mid 1800s sooner the American civil war. Halifax was the last stop on the Underground Railroad, although what African Americans were coming to was a just diametric story. T he popular depiction is of slaves that were granted immunity and loved and welcomed into society, as evidenced by this telecasting advertisement. (YouTube) The truth was a lot harsher. In Halifax the legal age of freed shameful slaves resided in Africville, the atrocities of which ar non wide sack outn solely ar be quiet keenly documented. In order to turn Africville from poor mysterious slum to profitable industrial land, the city of Halifax erected a hospital for diseased WWII veterans nearby along with go forth massive mounds of toxic garbage to be incinerated in the same vicinity. (Taylin) Africville is non mentioned in Canadian history books nor do about multitude across Canada k instantly of its earthly concern. It was nothing short of race murder of large number that Halifax mat up up did not deserve the right fields ein truth separate Canadian citizen would take for granted. Racism towards black immigrants and natural-born Canadians was not and is not l imited to Africville or make up Nova Scotia for that matter. Don Oliver a Canadian senator pointed out how most Canadians do not know about great black Canadians.Portia blanched was a classical practice of medicineian that was know the world over, and Elijah McCoysinvention of modern lubrication for industrial purposes were so famous that it is thought the catch phrase The real McCoy could suffer been named after him. (Oliver) History books as well as the public beca single-valued function of overt racism hunt down not to celebrate the successes of black Canadians. Although in that respect are very notable exceptions especially in music much(prenominal) as popular rapper Drake and R&B singer The Weeknd, by and large alone in sports and music are the successes of black Canadians rife in mainstream media. There have been numerous studies done to show the effect having colored skin has on every day life in Canada. Carlos Teixeira name that black Portuguese Immigrants faced s ignificant disadvantages in housing in comparison to people who were not of color. The Study showed that in the rental market of Toronto, people of color could expect to pay on ordinary 30% higher rental rates versus white counterparts of similar Portuguese descent.He further conclude that people of Asian descent also were subjected to the same treatment. (Teixeira) A further sight where over 6,000 mock resumes were sent out showed that applicants that had Chinese, Pakistani or Indian sounding call got 40% less cover backs than those with English sounding names. Although it should be seen that this study was conducted in Toronto and a different result perhaps not as favorable towards English sounding names could have been found in Quebec or other parts of Canada. The cite point is if racism exists in Canadas most multicultural city, how widespread and to what luridness is racism in the rest of Canada. (Oreopolous, Dechief) The Canadian gird forces are noted world wide as one of the top armed forces, and are known to pay the second highest salary canful besides the Australian army. However the racism that Mr. Fowler and Mr. Coward experienced eyepatch serving was clearly targeted towards their color. ( blood profile NEWS) It is impossible to fathom the low level of respect garnered for these men who put their lives on the line every day to defend a field that does not knock over them the respect they deserve exactly because of their color. It should be noted that their exercise is still in the process of being investigated so any judgment as to whether they were subjected to racism cannot be confirmed. A study into Canadas judicial system showed terrific results that independent juries are more likely to happen upon black defendants guilty approximately 40% of the succession more frequently than defendants of other races.This is worrying as it could have significant ramifications for Canadians of African descent residing inCanada. (Pfeifer, J. E. , Ogloff, J. R. P.) This combined with recent respectings in 2011 that black prison populations have risen by 52% since 2000, authority that this issue has gone unresolved. Points should further be raise that the majority of the black prisoners are new-fangled and are spending their formative familys in prison. This could have a knock on effect where they find it hard to integrate properly into society and ferment more friends and such and could land themselves back behind bars. This could lead to umpteen defendants getting caught in a cycle of criminality. (Crawford) The facts show that with the current education, public assistance and societal norms in place, more and more black youth are behind bars than ahead and it is thought they leave alone scarce end up back behind bars. The racism of minorities is probably most controversial when analyzed in the context of the primaeval peoples of Canada. This is because they were originally not a minority that rather a ma jority as Canada is technically their land.The aboriginal people have been subjected to racism since the very beginning and the facts show it. fundamental life antepast is lower they have fewer high train graduates, higher unemployment, almost twice as many infant deaths and spend more time in jail. They have lower incomes, enjoy fewer promotions in the workplace and remain, as a group, the poorest in Canada. (Hutchings) The Indian portrayal was used to create Indian Agents which acted as sort of police for the aboriginal peoples but in truth denied them basic rights, such as the right to sit on juries, vote or licence was needed to do mundane tasks such as wearing traditional garments off the reserves. It was policies like these that sincerely segregated the aboriginal people from the mainstream consciousness and moldiness have caused a chasm of sorts to exist between aboriginals and non-aboriginals.To engagement this chasm between aboriginals and non-aboriginals Duncan Cam pbell Scott and the department of Indian affairs came up with the policy of enfranchisement. At first voluntary but later forced enfranchisement was used to basically strip Aboriginals of their Indian status. Getting university degrees, becoming doctors or ministers meant enfranchisement. In short it was trying to send the put across that once Aboriginals became civilized and held positions of power and respect at heart the community they should no longer be looked at as Indian. Furthermore in a male chauvinist as well asa racist policy any Indian woman who married a non-Indian man would lose her status as an Indian as would her children.Duncan Campbell Scott went on later to state Our object is to continue until in that location is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been confined into the body politic, and there is no Indian apparent movement and no Indian Department. (Hutchings) It was clear from that quote alone that the Canadian giving medications views on Abori ginals at that time was that they should not exist and should be absorbed into the community. Canada would later give up the goal of enfranchising Aboriginal peoples after the Lovelace case that was brought before the International Court of Human Rights light-emitting diode to the United Nations condemning Canada for its discriminatory policies. It would be 1985 when Canada would nick bill C-31 to remove the discriminatory parts of the Indian Act.The Indian Act also gave the Canadian regime the power to erect residential schools. Schools where pupils were malnourished, had to work to receive up for inadequate funding and were taught dumbed-down subject substantive so that To this end the curriculum in residential schools has been simplified and the practical instruction given is such as may be immediately of use to the pupil when he returns to the reserve after exit school. (Hutchings) This led to segregation of Indians and non-Indians from a very young age. The worst part abo ut residential schools stock-still was the physical and sexual abuse that went under trend up until the 1970s when schools started closing. Childrens tongues would be nailed down for speak native languages, as well as having getup regular checks of genitalia. The abuse was so widespread and depressed that the Canadian government pledged over terzetto hundred and litre million dollars to help the Aboriginal peoples that attended the residential schools.The Canadian government continues to all the same maintain the Indian Act, which by sheer existence is a blatant act of racism. The act itself agent that Aboriginal peoples are treated in a different way than other Canadian citizens, there is no other first world estate in the world that has policies that differentiate people ground solely on the race.Canada is often seen as very welcoming towards the Asian peoples with arecent study by the Canadian Immigration showing that by 2031 it is predicted that white people will be in the minority in cities of Toronto and Vancouver. (Young) This nevertheless was not eternally the case with the infamous Chinese head impose that was invoked on Chinese immigrants. The tax rose from fifty dollars to five hundred dollars during the period of 1900 to 1903. This is inexcusable and blatantly targeted those not just of Chinese descent but rather Orientals in superior general. (Greengrass) The racism towards the Chinese reached a high on July 1, 1923 when the Chinese Immigration Act was invoked. It is more commonly known to Chinese Canadians as Humiliation Day. The act meant that only selected classes of Chinese immigrants would be granted entry into Canada, namely Diplomats, students, children of Canadians and Investors. Canada was now openly using racist policies to pick and opt which class of a certain(a) race of people they wanted to enter their country. Only in may of 1939, was the Chinese Immigration Act receded. In general South East Asians were subjected to not being granted entry in Canada simply because of their race.Between 1914 and 1920, only a single Indian was admitted into Canada because of the racist immigration policies in place. The discrimination against Indians came to a head when The Komagatu-Maru passenger vessel was denied entry into Vancouver even though there were three hundred and 70 six Indians on board having sailed all the way from China. (Greengrass) It is quite possible that the worst treatment towards Orientals was in fact towards the Nipponese that called Canada home or were differently refugees. During the period of the second world war, in 1942 Nipponese Canadians were forced to live in camps, the living conditions were only slightly better than the camps that the Nazis had built. (Greengrass) The Japanese people were subjected to a comparable fate as Jews would have felt in Nazi Germany, however there was no extermination or genocide on the scale of Nazi Germany. All in all, the biggest conclusion should come through a key exclusion. There is no racial prejudice that has been put down towards that of White Aryan Canadians. Canada is a racist country and has clearly been one for some time.Although the Canadian government has apologized and tried to make amends the clear pattern still permeates through the people. It is something I personally felt while residing in Ottawa. Whether Canada likes it or not, by the year 2031, whites will no longer be of the majority in the devil biggest cities inCanada. This brings a certain comfort as change is coming and there seems to be no way to halt it. Those who remain and insist on fielding racist views will be forced to change or may face racism on themselves. Although no two wrongs make a right, it is probably of no comfort to racist Canadians that history does repeat itself. I personally am of the belief that should Canada grow to appreciate what makes different grows unique and create a fusion culture whereby different customs are integr ated into Canadian customs, Canada as a whole will benefit. whole kit and caboodle CitedCrawford, Alison. Prison Watchdog Probes Spike in account of Black Inmates. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 15 Dec. 2011. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Greengrass, John. A HISTORY OF RACISM IN CANADAS IMMIGRATION POLICY. Peoples Commission. Peoples Commission, 13 May 2010. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Hutchings, Claire. Canadas First Nations The Legacy of Institutional Racism. Canadas First Nations The Legacy of Institutional Racism. Tolerence, 04 Feb. 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . in the raws, CBC. Systemic Racism in Canadian Forces Needs Inquiry, Veterans Say Nova Scotia CBC News. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 13 Mar. 2014. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Oliver, Don. What It promoter to Be Black in Canada. The ground level News. The Mark News, 14 July 2011. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Oreopoulos, Philip, and Diane Dechief. Why Do near Employers Prefer to Interview Matthew, but Not Samir? New Evidence from Toronto, Montreal, and Van couver. Metropolis British Columbia center of Excellence for Research OnWorking Paper Series N/A 11-13.N/A (2011) 1-68. Http//mbc.metropolis.net/assets/uploads/files/wp/2011/WP11-13.pdf. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. A better Of Our Heritage Underground Railroad. YouTube. YouTube, 09 May 2007. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Pfeifer, Jeffrey E., and pack R. P. Ogloff. Ambiguity and Guilt Determinations A Modern Racism Perspective1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21.21 (1991) 1713-725. Print. Tavlin, Noah. Africville Canadas Secret Racist History VICE Canada. VICE. VICE, 04 Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Teixeira, Carlos. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, peck 23, trend 4 Springer. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, Volume 23, Issue 4 Springer. Springer Science + clientele Media B.V., 12 Sept. 2008. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Young, Ian. Chinese Numbers in Vancouver, Toronto to Double by2031. South China dawn Post. South China Morning Post, 06 Apr. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 201 4. .